{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3156124097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081474","title":"GPR Monitoring of Artificial Debonded Pavement Structures throughout Its Life Cycle during Accelerated Pavement Testing","display_name":"GPR Monitoring of Artificial Debonded Pavement Structures throughout Its Life Cycle during Accelerated Pavement Testing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3156124097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081474","mag":"3156124097"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081474","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1474/pdf?version=1618133107","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1474/pdf?version=1618133107","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048931393","display_name":"Xavier D\u00e9robert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0403-0085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154111","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel","ror":"https://ror.org/03x42jk29","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xavier D\u00e9robert","raw_affiliation_strings":["GERS-GeoEND, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, Campus Nantes, IFSTTAR, F-44344 Bouguenais, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GERS-GeoEND, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, Campus Nantes, IFSTTAR, F-44344 Bouguenais, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072431209","display_name":"Vincent Baltazart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3261-5179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154111","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel","ror":"https://ror.org/03x42jk29","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Baltazart","raw_affiliation_strings":["GERS-GeoEND, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, Campus Nantes, IFSTTAR, F-44344 Bouguenais, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GERS-GeoEND, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, Campus Nantes, IFSTTAR, F-44344 Bouguenais, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090068223","display_name":"Jean-Michel Simonin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6089-8682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154111","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel","ror":"https://ror.org/03x42jk29","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Michel Simonin","raw_affiliation_strings":["GERS-GeoEND, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, Campus Nantes, IFSTTAR, F-44344 Bouguenais, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GERS-GeoEND, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, Campus Nantes, IFSTTAR, F-44344 Bouguenais, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077929030","display_name":"Shreedhar Savant Todkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4536-7178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154111","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel","ror":"https://ror.org/03x42jk29","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shreedhar Savant Todkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["GERS-GeoEND, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, Campus Nantes, IFSTTAR, F-44344 Bouguenais, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GERS-GeoEND, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, Campus Nantes, IFSTTAR, F-44344 Bouguenais, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071630711","display_name":"Christophe Norgeot","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Norgeot","raw_affiliation_strings":["MDS\u2014Le Mat\u00e9riel de Sondage, F-92400 Courbevoie, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MDS\u2014Le Mat\u00e9riel de Sondage, F-92400 Courbevoie, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051995128","display_name":"Ho-Yan Hui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ho-Yan Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, KLN, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, KLN, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048931393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.2933,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91463861,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"8","first_page":"1474","last_page":"1474"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.9463249444961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4825936555862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.4542158842086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.44984954595565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.43406838178634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.4127097427845001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19643312692642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.09481194615364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07922807335853577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.9463249444961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4825936555862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4542158842086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.44984954595565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.43406838178634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.4127097427845001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19643312692642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.09481194615364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07922807335853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081474","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1474/pdf?version=1618133107","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04278503v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://univ-eiffel.hal.science/hal-04278503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922466","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, 2021, 13 (8), pp.1474. &#x27E8;10.3390/rs13081474&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e209a83d04424d5aa0c44a799e92a450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e209a83d04424d5aa0c44a799e92a450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 8, p 1474 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/90786","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/90786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/8/1474/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081474","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1474/pdf?version=1618133107","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4502998669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-18-CE22-0020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3156124097.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3156124097.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18876612","https://openalex.org/W566205820","https://openalex.org/W1965482972","https://openalex.org/W2032420132","https://openalex.org/W2087362583","https://openalex.org/W2092972248","https://openalex.org/W2093329760","https://openalex.org/W2325735044","https://openalex.org/W2487444082","https://openalex.org/W2494860152","https://openalex.org/W2569359633","https://openalex.org/W2617720975","https://openalex.org/W2778026483","https://openalex.org/W2949936679","https://openalex.org/W3101970667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W2946057701","https://openalex.org/W4386931161","https://openalex.org/W2374146176","https://openalex.org/W2065249286","https://openalex.org/W2366839571","https://openalex.org/W4223960160","https://openalex.org/W2027762722","https://openalex.org/W2356754952","https://openalex.org/W3090858966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,59,112,139],"paper":[1],"gives":[2],"an":[3],"overview":[4],"of":[5,37,40,71,115,142,168,184,204],"a":[6,93,98,105,155],"ground":[7,87,182],"penetrating":[8],"radar":[9],"(GPR)":[10],"experiment":[11],"to":[12,125,179,200],"survey":[13],"debonding":[14],"areas":[15],"within":[16],"pavement":[17,21,73,133,152,186],"structure":[18,74,134],"during":[19,48],"accelerated":[20],"tests":[22],"(APT)":[23],"conducted":[24,145],"on":[25],"the":[26,49,53,56,67,72,116,132,151,166,169,181,185,189,195,202,205,209],"university":[27],"Gustave":[28],"Eiffel\u2019s":[29],"fatigue":[30],"carrousel.":[31],"Thirteen":[32],"artificial":[33],"defect":[34],"sections":[35,178],"composed":[36],"three":[38],"types":[39],"defects":[41],"(Tack-free,":[42],"Geotextile,":[43],"and":[44,55,97,104,122,148],"Sand-based)":[45],"were":[46,61,174],"embedded":[47],"construction":[50],"phase":[51],"between":[52],"top":[54],"base":[57],"layers.":[58],"data":[60,191],"collected":[62],"in":[63,120,146],"two":[64,84],"stages":[65],"covering":[66],"entire":[68],"life":[69],"cycle":[70],"using":[75,194],"four":[76],"GPR":[77,82,108,170,190],"systems:":[78],"An":[79],"air-coupled":[80],"ultra-wideband":[81],"(SF-GPR),":[83],"wideband":[85,106],"2D":[86],"coupled":[88],"GPRs":[89],"(a":[90],"SIR-4000":[91],"with":[92],"1.5":[94],"GHz":[95],"antenna":[96],"2.6":[99],"GHz-StructureScan":[100],"from":[101,208],"GSSI":[102],"manufacturer),":[103],"3D":[107],"(from":[109],"3D-radar":[110],"manufacturer).":[111],"first":[113],"stage":[114,141],"experiments":[117,143],"took":[118],"place":[119],"2012\u20132013":[121],"lasted":[123],"up":[124],"300":[126],"K":[127,163],"loadings.":[128,164],"During":[129],"this":[130],"stage,":[131],"presented":[135],"no":[136],"clear":[137],"degradation.":[138],"second":[140],"was":[144,159],"2019":[147],"continued":[149],"until":[150],"surface":[153],"demonstrated":[154],"strong":[156],"degradation,":[157],"which":[158],"observed":[160],"at":[161,176],"800":[162],"At":[165],"end":[167],"experiments,":[171],"several":[172],"trenches":[173],"cut":[175],"various":[177],"get":[180],"truth":[183],"structure.":[187],"Finally,":[188],"are":[192],"processed":[193],"conventional":[196],"amplitude":[197],"ratio":[198],"test":[199],"study":[201],"evolution":[203],"echoes":[206],"coming":[207],"debonded":[210],"areas.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
