{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3152777197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081446","title":"Assessing Accuracy of Land Cover Change Maps Derived from Automated Digital Processing and Visual Interpretation in Tropical Forests in Indonesia","display_name":"Assessing Accuracy of Land Cover Change Maps Derived from Automated Digital Processing and Visual Interpretation in Tropical Forests in Indonesia","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3152777197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081446","mag":"3152777197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081446","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1446/pdf?version=1617941653","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1446/pdf?version=1617941653","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073065847","display_name":"Inggit Lolita Sari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9110-8401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11865174","display_name":"Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space","ror":"https://ror.org/027p4qx72","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11865174"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU","ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Inggit Lolita Sari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Technology and Data Center, National Institute of Aeronautics and Space of Indonesia (LAPAN), Jakarta 13710, Indonesia","School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC 3363, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Technology and Data Center, National Institute of Aeronautics and Space of Indonesia (LAPAN), Jakarta 13710, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11865174"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC 3363, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032546638","display_name":"Christopher J. Weston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4675-0486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher J. Weston","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC 3363, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC 3363, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030478560","display_name":"Glenn Newnham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-1258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161554","display_name":"CSIRO Land and Water","ror":"https://ror.org/057xz1h85","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210161554","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Glenn J. Newnham","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027640098","display_name":"Liubov Volkova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4556-3478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liubov Volkova","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC 3363, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC 3363, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073065847"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11865174","https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.0498,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93799021,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"8","first_page":"1446","last_page":"1446"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.6560964584350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.615664541721344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.522144615650177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5021698474884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion-matrix","display_name":"Confusion matrix","score":0.4520653188228607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.43327295780181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-cover","display_name":"Forest cover","score":0.4182214140892029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.3966180682182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.33305823802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.3304513692855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32818156480789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2901783585548401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6560964584350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.615664541721344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.522144615650177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5021698474884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138602881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2709591","display_name":"Confusion matrix","level":2,"score":0.4520653188228607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.43327295780181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986088632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4259364","display_name":"Forest cover","level":2,"score":0.4182214140892029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3966180682182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.33305823802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.3304513692855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32818156480789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2901783585548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081446","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1446/pdf?version=1617941653","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/268146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/268146","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/268146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:529c1a92e0f34f1ab17110c7add253b5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/529c1a92e0f34f1ab17110c7add253b5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 8, p 1446 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/8/1446/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 8; Pages: 1446","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081446","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1446/pdf?version=1617941653","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320730","display_name":"Ministry of Environment and Forests","ror":"https://ror.org/023wx0t90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322007","display_name":"Ministry of Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/04xmt0833"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328515","display_name":"Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328678","display_name":"Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3152777197.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3152777197.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180212341","https://openalex.org/W630607227","https://openalex.org/W1214056855","https://openalex.org/W1955007327","https://openalex.org/W1965825034","https://openalex.org/W1977080535","https://openalex.org/W1981213426","https://openalex.org/W2011500029","https://openalex.org/W2036038776","https://openalex.org/W2042363160","https://openalex.org/W2045730031","https://openalex.org/W2065040528","https://openalex.org/W2085282193","https://openalex.org/W2087209059","https://openalex.org/W2089402914","https://openalex.org/W2094738700","https://openalex.org/W2104206240","https://openalex.org/W2109019677","https://openalex.org/W2154260910","https://openalex.org/W2409315039","https://openalex.org/W2428718648","https://openalex.org/W2477995781","https://openalex.org/W2500547461","https://openalex.org/W2527347850","https://openalex.org/W2537269216","https://openalex.org/W2567873607","https://openalex.org/W2584952387","https://openalex.org/W2793690480","https://openalex.org/W2809159594","https://openalex.org/W2811469196","https://openalex.org/W2885024393","https://openalex.org/W2896058224","https://openalex.org/W2905365204","https://openalex.org/W2910355480","https://openalex.org/W2953011380","https://openalex.org/W2962778839","https://openalex.org/W2976061147","https://openalex.org/W3008153741","https://openalex.org/W3047267360","https://openalex.org/W4245066279","https://openalex.org/W4245539475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W2568858292","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W4205685985","https://openalex.org/W2153381734","https://openalex.org/W2050072374","https://openalex.org/W2987380364","https://openalex.org/W4390240101","https://openalex.org/W2970846991","https://openalex.org/W2795850623"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"assessed":[2],"the":[3,85,100,125,147],"accuracy":[4,32,47,94,96,107],"of":[5,52,146],"land":[6,53],"cover":[7,54],"change":[8,55],"(2000\u20132018)":[9],"maps":[10],"compiled":[11],"from":[12,66,77,88],"Landsat":[13],"images":[14,65,71],"with":[15,21],"either":[16],"automated":[17,89,110],"digital":[18,90,111,148],"processing":[19,91,112],"or":[20],"visual":[22,104,126],"interpretation":[23,105,127],"for":[24,44,165],"a":[25,35,41,130],"tropical":[26],"forest":[27,120,140,155,162,167],"area":[28],"in":[29,116],"Indonesia.":[30],"The":[31,60,109],"assessment":[33],"used":[34],"two-stage":[36],"stratified":[37],"random":[38],"sampling":[39],"involving":[40],"confusion":[42],"matrix":[43],"assessing":[45],"map":[46,86,101,113,128,149],"and":[48,57,69,121,141,156],"by":[49],"estimating":[50],"areas":[51],"classes":[56],"associated":[58],"uncertainty.":[59],"reference":[61],"data":[62],"were":[63],"high-resolution":[64,70],"SPOT":[67],"6/7":[68],"finer":[72],"than":[73],"5":[74],"m":[75],"obtained":[76],"Open":[78],"Foris":[79],"Collect":[80],"Earth.":[81],"Results":[82],"showed":[83],"that":[84],"derived":[87],"had":[92,129],"lower":[93],"(overall":[95,106],"73\u201377%)":[97],"compared":[98],"to":[99,158],"based":[102],"on":[103],"80\u201384%).":[108],"error":[114],"was":[115],"differentiating":[117],"between":[118,138,154],"native":[119,139],"plantation":[122,157],"areas.":[123,143],"While":[124],"higher":[131],"accuracy,":[132],"it":[133],"did":[134],"not":[135],"consistently":[136],"differentiate":[137],"shrub":[142],"Future":[144],"improvement":[145],"requires":[150],"more":[151],"accurate":[152],"differentiation":[153],"better":[159],"support":[160],"national":[161],"monitoring":[163],"systems":[164],"sustainable":[166],"management.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2021-04-26T00:00:00"}
