{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3154554436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081436","title":"Tidal Flat Extraction and Change Analysis Based on the RF-W Model: A Case Study of Jiaozhou Bay, East China","display_name":"Tidal Flat Extraction and Change Analysis Based on the RF-W Model: A Case Study of Jiaozhou Bay, East China","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3154554436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081436","mag":"3154554436"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081436","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1436/pdf?version=1617941401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1436/pdf?version=1617941401","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103932440","display_name":"Jinfeng Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinfeng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101153660","display_name":"Shiyi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2369-0008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017555073","display_name":"Fenzhen Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4972-3595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fenzhen Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021475331","display_name":"Jiaxue Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxue Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102023243","display_name":"Pengfei Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8620-1183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036667746","display_name":"Shixun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9487-4697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shixun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103932440"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.9733,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90716641,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"8","first_page":"1436","last_page":"1436"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10779","display_name":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10779","display_name":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tidal-flat","display_name":"Tidal flat","score":0.95514976978302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bay","display_name":"Bay","score":0.8784967660903931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waterline","display_name":"Waterline","score":0.7015661001205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5907367467880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tidal-power","display_name":"Tidal power","score":0.475433349609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.4710048735141754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.44974285364151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.42559847235679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.4050019085407257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.34699583053588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.14984431862831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.14422619342803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.0805494487285614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992357698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31796","display_name":"Tidal flat","level":3,"score":0.95514976978302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115880899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124247","display_name":"Bay","level":2,"score":0.8784967660903931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161064598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492878","display_name":"Waterline","level":3,"score":0.7015661001205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5907367467880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184037","display_name":"Tidal power","level":2,"score":0.475433349609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.4710048735141754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.44974285364151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.42559847235679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.4050019085407257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.34699583053588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.14984431862831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.14422619342803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0805494487285614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2816523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180184","display_name":"Sediment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37423430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6750281","display_name":"Hull","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081436","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1436/pdf?version=1617941401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c848396a0bb24db7b0aec1b695bb687e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c848396a0bb24db7b0aec1b695bb687e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 8, p 1436 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/8/1436/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13081436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081436","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1436/pdf?version=1617941401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3154554436.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3154554436.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W580620979","https://openalex.org/W1494588822","https://openalex.org/W1541757248","https://openalex.org/W1964262728","https://openalex.org/W1995581599","https://openalex.org/W2014230284","https://openalex.org/W2014930460","https://openalex.org/W2025922037","https://openalex.org/W2031600437","https://openalex.org/W2058999649","https://openalex.org/W2059080117","https://openalex.org/W2061928497","https://openalex.org/W2085033961","https://openalex.org/W2093101101","https://openalex.org/W2103721688","https://openalex.org/W2137670206","https://openalex.org/W2228574081","https://openalex.org/W2237190528","https://openalex.org/W2320953542","https://openalex.org/W2346456240","https://openalex.org/W2348049485","https://openalex.org/W2351248180","https://openalex.org/W2370316670","https://openalex.org/W2539911944","https://openalex.org/W2608957863","https://openalex.org/W2742572994","https://openalex.org/W2743733406","https://openalex.org/W2766550705","https://openalex.org/W2791876973","https://openalex.org/W2792369728","https://openalex.org/W2809882093","https://openalex.org/W2902023747","https://openalex.org/W2903592875","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2937254101","https://openalex.org/W2992657439","https://openalex.org/W3001160422","https://openalex.org/W3001435799","https://openalex.org/W3014704014","https://openalex.org/W3022102290","https://openalex.org/W4245539475","https://openalex.org/W6616783728","https://openalex.org/W6632252062","https://openalex.org/W6671977924","https://openalex.org/W6704752133","https://openalex.org/W6748937378","https://openalex.org/W7009715189"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899528398","https://openalex.org/W2041376715","https://openalex.org/W2143474494","https://openalex.org/W3154554436","https://openalex.org/W2321881887","https://openalex.org/W2900223984","https://openalex.org/W2795464829","https://openalex.org/W2388758971","https://openalex.org/W2538173661","https://openalex.org/W1684791284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coastal":[0],"tidal":[1,16,33,60,67,90,110,123,126,168,179,204,214,246,292],"flats":[2,17,111,205],"are":[3],"important":[4],"ecological":[5],"resources.":[6,62],"As":[7],"the":[8,27,42,57,75,87,98,101,106,115,141,147,153,158,162,174,199,203,228,238,245,262,267,271,274,283,288,291],"dividing":[9],"line":[10],"between":[11],"marine":[12],"and":[13,80,112,122,149,194,196,206,227,259,277,279],"terrestrial":[14],"ecosystems,":[15],"provide":[18],"a":[19,66,235,308],"large":[20],"number":[21],"of":[22,30,44,89,100,109,114,129,140,152,217,240,270],"ecosystem":[23],"services.":[24],"However,":[25],"with":[26,234],"excessive":[28],"development":[29,281],"coastal":[31,45],"areas,":[32],"flat":[34,61,68,91,127,169,180,215,247,293],"resources":[35],"have":[36],"been":[37],"drastically":[38],"reduced,":[39],"leading":[40],"to":[41,52,85,177,197,211,287,304],"deterioration":[43],"ecosystems.":[46],"There":[47],"is":[48,135,307],"an":[49,138,221],"urgent":[50],"need":[51],"acquire":[53],"accurate":[54],"information":[55,181],"on":[56],"changes":[58,201],"in":[59,104,118,133,185,202,237,254,266,290,295],"This":[63,93],"research":[64],"proposes":[65],"extraction":[69,128],"model":[70,155,164,176],"(RF-W":[71],"model)":[72],"that":[73,146,161],"combines":[74],"random":[76],"forest":[77],"(RF)":[78],"method":[79,94,103,117],"waterline":[81,116],"method,":[82],"which":[83],"aims":[84],"improve":[86],"accuracy":[88],"extraction.":[92],"can":[95,165],"effectively":[96],"eliminate":[97],"shortcomings":[99],"RF":[102],"determining":[105],"lower":[107],"boundary":[108],"those":[113],"distinguishing":[119],"river":[120],"channels":[121],"flats.":[124],"The":[125,143,213,251,264],"Qingdao":[130],"Jiaozhou":[131,183,218,255,296],"Bay":[132,184,219,256],"2020":[134],"performed":[136],"as":[137],"example":[139],"model.":[142],"results":[144],"show":[145],"user\u2019s":[148],"producer\u2019s":[150],"accuracies":[151],"RF-W":[154,175],"were":[156,282],"both":[157],"highest,":[159],"indicating":[160],"improved":[163],"accurately":[166],"extract":[167,178],"information.":[170],"Then,":[171],"we":[172],"used":[173],"for":[182],"seven":[186],"periods":[187],"(1990,":[188],"1995,":[189],"2000,":[190],"2005,":[191],"2010,":[192],"2015,":[193,226,244],"2020)":[195],"study":[198],"spatiotemporal":[200],"influencing":[207],"factors":[208,285],"from":[209],"1990":[210],"2020.":[212],"area":[216,229,248,294],"showed":[220,257],"overall":[222,252],"downward":[223],"trend":[224],"before":[225],"decreased":[230],"by":[231],"21.9":[232],"km2,":[233],"reduction":[236,265,289],"rate":[239],"approximately":[241],"1.1%/year.":[242],"After":[243],"rebounded":[249],"slightly.":[250],"change":[253],"reclamation":[258,276],"expansion":[260],"toward":[261],"sea.":[263],"sand":[268],"content":[269],"rivers":[272],"entering":[273],"sea,":[275],"cultivation,":[278],"land":[280],"main":[284],"contributing":[286],"Bay.":[297],"In":[298],"addition,":[299],"sea":[300],"level":[301],"rise":[302],"due":[303],"climate":[305],"warming":[306],"long-term":[309],"potential":[310],"factor.":[311]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
