{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3140657218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071355","title":"Automatic Cotton Mapping Using Time Series of Sentinel-2 Images","display_name":"Automatic Cotton Mapping Using Time Series of Sentinel-2 Images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3140657218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071355","mag":"3140657218"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13071355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071355","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1355/pdf?version=1617939471","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1355/pdf?version=1617939471","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332728","display_name":"Nan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0480-8985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China","Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100038, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077364867","display_name":"Yongguang Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-6947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120379545","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/015d0jq83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongguang Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115603648","display_name":"Lifu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3533-9966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lifu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China","The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115603648"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.3606,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87765296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"7","first_page":"1355","last_page":"1355"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.5595890283584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.557918906211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.5020339488983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4704548120498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4582679569721222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.4582279622554779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.45197153091430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop","display_name":"Crop","score":0.4446752071380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.4380354881286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4087141156196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1699570119380951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09692174196243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.0867631733417511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07839161157608032}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5595890283584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.557918906211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5020339488983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4704548120498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4582679569721222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4582279622554779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.45197153091430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.4446752071380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4380354881286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4087141156196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1699570119380951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09692174196243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.0867631733417511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07839161157608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13071355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071355","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1355/pdf?version=1617939471","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ba678ead049449b88fa75891e4327d97","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ba678ead049449b88fa75891e4327d97","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 1355 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/7/1355/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13071355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13071355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071355","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1355/pdf?version=1617939471","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2730304786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41830108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4214586990","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA19080304","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3140657218.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3140657218.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1894641570","https://openalex.org/W1968299234","https://openalex.org/W1969430615","https://openalex.org/W1998281138","https://openalex.org/W2018636632","https://openalex.org/W2030165874","https://openalex.org/W2068094410","https://openalex.org/W2081829028","https://openalex.org/W2115952782","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2142012908","https://openalex.org/W2159247319","https://openalex.org/W2178470810","https://openalex.org/W2221744192","https://openalex.org/W2350578619","https://openalex.org/W2550238986","https://openalex.org/W2557992764","https://openalex.org/W2592712793","https://openalex.org/W2604308675","https://openalex.org/W2610947800","https://openalex.org/W2730238284","https://openalex.org/W2763644377","https://openalex.org/W2791529673","https://openalex.org/W2791592925","https://openalex.org/W2803189521","https://openalex.org/W2811040116","https://openalex.org/W2900886218","https://openalex.org/W2903282641","https://openalex.org/W2921494209","https://openalex.org/W2968521248","https://openalex.org/W2990259822","https://openalex.org/W2998330714","https://openalex.org/W3000538115","https://openalex.org/W3001402238","https://openalex.org/W3005821158","https://openalex.org/W3009202967","https://openalex.org/W3037002701","https://openalex.org/W3037871967","https://openalex.org/W3112730968","https://openalex.org/W4244079159","https://openalex.org/W6705460610","https://openalex.org/W6729882660","https://openalex.org/W6744880761","https://openalex.org/W6751645101","https://openalex.org/W6772483188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347729776","https://openalex.org/W2081457971","https://openalex.org/W2028659695","https://openalex.org/W2072749356","https://openalex.org/W2587804871","https://openalex.org/W2014400117","https://openalex.org/W4389236673","https://openalex.org/W2423785987","https://openalex.org/W4389056191","https://openalex.org/W4313890208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large-scale":[0],"crop":[1,15,55],"mapping":[2,56,193],"is":[3,42,50],"essential":[4],"for":[5,150,191],"agricultural":[6],"management.":[7],"Phenological":[8],"variation":[9],"often":[10],"exists":[11],"in":[12,25,136],"the":[13,37,83,89,98,110,113,119,143,151,160,163,174,185,188],"same":[14],"due":[16],"to":[17,52,68,126,141],"different":[18,34,137],"climatic":[19],"regions":[20,138],"or":[21],"practice":[22],"management,":[23],"resulting":[24],"current":[26],"classification":[27],"models":[28,57],"requiring":[29],"sufficient":[30],"training":[31],"samples":[32,63],"from":[33,130],"regions.":[35],"However,":[36],"cost":[38],"of":[39,86,100,105,112,166,177,181,187,198],"sample":[40],"collection":[41],"more":[43,156],"time-consuming,":[44],"costly,":[45],"and":[46,64],"labor-intensive,":[47],"so":[48],"it":[49],"necessary":[51],"develop":[53],"automatic":[54],"that":[58],"require":[59],"only":[60],"a":[61,69,75,117],"few":[62],"can":[65,96,123,169],"be":[66,124,170],"extended":[67],"large":[70],"area.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73,182],"study,":[74],"new":[76],"white":[77,120],"bolls":[78,90,101,114,121,167],"index":[79,122],"(WBI)":[80],"based":[81,172],"on":[82,173],"unique":[84],"canopy":[85],"cotton":[87,128,192],"at":[88],"opening":[91,111,164],"stage":[92,165],"was":[93,155],"proposed,":[94],"which":[95],"characterize":[97],"intensity":[99],"opening.":[102],"The":[103,146,179],"value":[104],"WBI":[106,144],"will":[107],"increase":[108],"as":[109],"increases.":[115],"As":[116],"result,":[118],"used":[125,140],"detect":[127],"automatically":[129],"other":[131],"crops.":[132],"Four":[133],"study":[134,153],"areas":[135],"were":[139],"evaluate":[142],"performance.":[145],"overall":[147],"accuracy":[148],"(OA)":[149],"four":[152],"sites":[154],"than":[157],"82%.":[158],"Additionally,":[159],"dates":[161],"when":[162],"begins":[168],"determined":[171],"time":[175,196],"series":[176,197],"WBI.":[178],"results":[180],"research":[183],"demonstrated":[184],"potential":[186],"proposed":[189],"approach":[190],"using":[194],"sentinel-2":[195],"remotely":[199],"sensed":[200],"data.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}