{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3142896980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071324","title":"A Case Study of Polar Cap Sporadic-E Layer Associated with TEC Variations","display_name":"A Case Study of Polar Cap Sporadic-E Layer Associated with TEC Variations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3142896980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071324","mag":"3142896980"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13071324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071324","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1324/pdf?version=1617938482","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1324/pdf?version=1617938482","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424460","display_name":"Yong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5853-8036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada","Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109494541","display_name":"Periyadan T. Jayachandran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Periyadan T. Jayachandran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041868527","display_name":"David R. Themens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2567-8187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["CA","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David R. Themens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada","Space Environment and Radio Engineering Group (SERENE), School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Environment and Radio Engineering Group (SERENE), School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059334319","display_name":"Anthony M. McCaffrey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5039-7358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony M. McCaffrey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101824987","display_name":"Qinghe Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qing-He Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074740783","display_name":"Shiva David","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7331-8461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiva David","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056569294","display_name":"R. Chadwick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5206-8803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Chadwick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101824987"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.1207,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77554132,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"7","first_page":"1324","last_page":"1324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tec","display_name":"TEC","score":0.9126018285751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosonde","display_name":"Ionosonde","score":0.8398846387863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polar","display_name":"Polar","score":0.7062187194824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.6140105128288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polar-cap","display_name":"Polar cap","score":0.5554333329200745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sporadic-e-propagation","display_name":"Sporadic E propagation","score":0.5545336008071899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4428042769432068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scintillation","display_name":"Scintillation","score":0.4269372224807739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-electron-content","display_name":"Total electron content","score":0.4210786521434784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4209710359573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-density","display_name":"Electron density","score":0.3722502589225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.32158857583999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.2647132873535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.241136372089386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron","display_name":"Electron","score":0.16485899686813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.11338460445404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.07124951481819153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176379880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031939","display_name":"TEC","level":3,"score":0.9126018285751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184850221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3801433","display_name":"Ionosonde","level":4,"score":0.8398846387863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29705727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294562","display_name":"Polar","level":2,"score":0.7062187194824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.6140105128288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993273692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286914","display_name":"Polar cap","level":3,"score":0.5554333329200745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78251058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1473826","display_name":"Sporadic E propagation","level":3,"score":0.5545336008071899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4428042769432068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102637530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078889","display_name":"Scintillation","level":3,"score":0.4269372224807739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165391973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844304","display_name":"Total electron content","level":4,"score":0.4210786521434784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4209710359573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125485243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905186","display_name":"Electron density","level":3,"score":0.3722502589225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.32158857583999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.2647132873535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.241136372089386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.16485899686813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.11338460445404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.07124951481819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13071324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071324","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1324/pdf?version=1617938482","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/67e0ac68-737e-4666-91f1-a6a94c19bda5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/a-case-study-of-polar-cap-sporadice-layer-associated-with-tec-variations(67e0ac68-737e-4666-91f1-a6a94c19bda5).html","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/67e0ac68-737e-4666-91f1-a6a94c19bda5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/67e0ac68-737e-4666-91f1-a6a94c19bda5","pdf_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/a-case-study-of-polar-cap-sporadice-layer-associated-with-tec-variations(67e0ac68-737e-4666-91f1-a6a94c19bda5).html","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wang, Y, Jayachandran, P T, Themens, D, McCaffrey, A M, Zhang, Q, David, S & Chadwick, R 2021, 'A case study of polar cap sporadic-E layer associated with TEC variations', Remote Sensing, vol. 13, no. 7, 1324. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071324","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4f05c0d807374e66a9ccbcd72e4b2a49","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4f05c0d807374e66a9ccbcd72e4b2a49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 1324 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/7/1324/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13071324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13071324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071324","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1324/pdf?version=1617938482","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2165548363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Canada","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4837330147","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Canada","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319980","funder_display_name":"New Brunswick Innovation Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6262482392","display_name":"The Relocatable Atmospheric Observatory:   A Global Incoherent Scatter Radar","funder_award_id":"0121483","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8166966350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41574138, 41274149, and 41604139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8284766523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NSERC)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G856527327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319980","display_name":"New Brunswick Innovation Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02rbgnh75"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334436","display_name":"Canadian Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1gte98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3142896980.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3142896980.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152158501","https://openalex.org/W1587368393","https://openalex.org/W1616645436","https://openalex.org/W1635711496","https://openalex.org/W1945911444","https://openalex.org/W1966486621","https://openalex.org/W1972003699","https://openalex.org/W1989098356","https://openalex.org/W1994296565","https://openalex.org/W1995086401","https://openalex.org/W1998202710","https://openalex.org/W2012733927","https://openalex.org/W2014432166","https://openalex.org/W2026539622","https://openalex.org/W2033073272","https://openalex.org/W2044168845","https://openalex.org/W2047172392","https://openalex.org/W2047493129","https://openalex.org/W2047668409","https://openalex.org/W2052477952","https://openalex.org/W2053834876","https://openalex.org/W2054239947","https://openalex.org/W2056864078","https://openalex.org/W2058425300","https://openalex.org/W2062861935","https://openalex.org/W2072917920","https://openalex.org/W2084335167","https://openalex.org/W2093267220","https://openalex.org/W2121856206","https://openalex.org/W2142647472","https://openalex.org/W2163716550","https://openalex.org/W2170149004","https://openalex.org/W2263295773","https://openalex.org/W2283604196","https://openalex.org/W2596652744","https://openalex.org/W2752148141","https://openalex.org/W2761482268","https://openalex.org/W2790292627","https://openalex.org/W2908857189","https://openalex.org/W2986289257","https://openalex.org/W3102041843","https://openalex.org/W7005959332"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1248628229","https://openalex.org/W3012062545","https://openalex.org/W2539046041","https://openalex.org/W2050546935","https://openalex.org/W2280162962","https://openalex.org/W2016143558","https://openalex.org/W2288501533","https://openalex.org/W2003997947","https://openalex.org/W2898360191","https://openalex.org/W2568906212"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Sporadic-E":[1],"(Es)":[2],"layer":[3,19,40,86,122,154],"is":[4,20,54,87],"an":[5],"often-observed":[6],"phenomenon":[7],"at":[8,59],"high":[9,94],"latitudes;":[10],"however,":[11],"our":[12,165],"understanding":[13,166],"of":[14,28,35,69,130],"the":[15,25,31,36,79,82,101,113,118,143,150,161,168],"polar":[16,37,83,119,151,169],"cap":[17,38,84,120,152,170],"Es":[18,39,85,121,153,171],"severely":[21],"limited":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,78],"scarce":[26],"number":[27],"measurements.":[29],"Here,":[30],"first":[32],"comprehensive":[33],"study":[34],"associated":[41,148],"with":[42,56,92,126,149],"Global":[43],"Positioning":[44],"System":[45],"(GPS)":[46],"Total":[47],"Electron":[48],"Content":[49],"(TEC)":[50],"variations":[51,115],"and":[52,74,107,133],"scintillations":[53],"presented":[55],"multiple":[57],"measurements":[58],"Resolute,":[60],"Canada":[61],"(Canadian":[62],"Advanced":[63],"Digital":[64],"Ionosonde":[65],"(CADI),":[66],"Northward-looking":[67],"face":[68],"Resolute":[70],"Incoherent-Scatter":[71],"Radar":[72],"(RISR-N),":[73],"GPS":[75],"receiver).":[76],"According":[77],"joint":[80],"observations,":[81],"a":[88,127,159],"thin":[89],"patch":[90],"structure":[91],"variously":[93],"electron":[95],"density,":[96],"which":[97],"gradually":[98],"develops":[99],"into":[100],"lower":[102],"E":[103],"region":[104],"(~100":[105],"km)":[106],"horizontally":[108],"extends":[109],">200":[110],"km.":[111],"Moreover,":[112],"TEC":[114,140,176],"produced":[116],"by":[117,136],"are":[123,134,155],"pulse-like":[124],"enhancements":[125],"general":[128],"amplitude":[129],"~0.5":[131],"TECu":[132],"followed":[135],"smaller":[137],"but":[138],"rapid":[139],"perturbations.":[141],"Furthermore,":[142],"possible":[144],"scintillation":[145],"effects":[146],"likely":[147],"also":[156],"discussed.":[157],"As":[158],"consequence,":[160],"results":[162],"widely":[163],"expand":[164],"on":[167,175],"layer,":[172],"in":[173],"particular":[174],"variations.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}