{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3144930487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071318","title":"Self-Adaptive Aspect Ratio Anchor for Oriented Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"Self-Adaptive Aspect Ratio Anchor for Oriented Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3144930487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071318","mag":"3144930487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13071318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071318","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1318/pdf?version=1617938294","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1318/pdf?version=1617938294","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090213090","display_name":"Jie-Bo Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4632-0160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie-Bo Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078514263","display_name":"Xiaobin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2702-4136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074514262","display_name":"Xu-Cheng Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0023-0220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu-Cheng Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078514263"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.0212,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87735345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"7","first_page":"1318","last_page":"1318"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7801543474197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aspect-ratio","display_name":"Aspect ratio (aeronautics)","score":0.7772083878517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.7311016917228699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6164306402206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5251821279525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5071163177490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4999065399169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4963107705116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4750678241252899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4679044187068939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.4470946192741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.4160916209220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39323368668556213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11229303479194641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10396778583526611}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7801543474197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82558694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1545619","display_name":"Aspect ratio (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.7772083878517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.7311016917228699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6164306402206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5251821279525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5071163177490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4999065399169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4963107705116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4750678241252899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4679044187068939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.4470946192741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.4160916209220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39323368668556213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11229303479194641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10396778583526611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13071318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071318","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1318/pdf?version=1617938294","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6bda992a0440425abe6a090cbc24b7f4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6bda992a0440425abe6a090cbc24b7f4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 1318 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/7/1318/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13071318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 7; Pages: 1318","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13071318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071318","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1318/pdf?version=1617938294","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4311949566","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB1405900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8478882202","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324051","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325365","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3144930487.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3144930487.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2400138547","https://openalex.org/W2504335775","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2593539516","https://openalex.org/W2601564443","https://openalex.org/W2604735854","https://openalex.org/W2605982830","https://openalex.org/W2625829240","https://openalex.org/W2781529199","https://openalex.org/W2784050770","https://openalex.org/W2804339068","https://openalex.org/W2855340099","https://openalex.org/W2886603769","https://openalex.org/W2902494497","https://openalex.org/W2926837263","https://openalex.org/W2953867371","https://openalex.org/W2953894958","https://openalex.org/W2962749812","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963299736","https://openalex.org/W2963299996","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963647456","https://openalex.org/W2963927307","https://openalex.org/W2964584796","https://openalex.org/W2964979676","https://openalex.org/W2967487473","https://openalex.org/W2969443669","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2989604896","https://openalex.org/W2991359031","https://openalex.org/W2991363140","https://openalex.org/W2993501994","https://openalex.org/W3003295287","https://openalex.org/W3004492228","https://openalex.org/W3010864078","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3022548607","https://openalex.org/W3034993937","https://openalex.org/W3092088889","https://openalex.org/W3098218837","https://openalex.org/W3102695566","https://openalex.org/W3106228955","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3111355700","https://openalex.org/W3113728373","https://openalex.org/W3120083018","https://openalex.org/W3175496347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2468279273","https://openalex.org/W2354198838","https://openalex.org/W1989130879","https://openalex.org/W2103419012","https://openalex.org/W2988126442","https://openalex.org/W2560063780","https://openalex.org/W1974414866","https://openalex.org/W2063982682","https://openalex.org/W2338543196","https://openalex.org/W1544691147"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Object":[0],"detection":[1,42],"is":[2],"a":[3,22,36,64,105,151],"significant":[4],"and":[5,140],"challenging":[6],"problem":[7],"in":[8,30,55,79,116,123],"the":[9,25,31,46,111,137,142,158],"study":[10],"of":[11,28,49,77,113,145,155],"remote":[12,15,56,80],"sensing.":[13],"Since":[14],"sensing":[16,57,81],"images":[17],"are":[18],"typically":[19],"captured":[20],"with":[21],"bird\u2019s-eye":[23],"view,":[24],"aspect":[26,50,74,93,125],"ratios":[27,51],"objects":[29,78,122],"same":[32],"category":[33],"may":[34],"obey":[35],"Gaussian":[37],"distribution.":[38],"Generally,":[39],"existing":[40],"object":[41],"methods":[43],"ignore":[44],"exploring":[45],"distribution":[47],"character":[48],"for":[52,95],"improving":[53],"performance":[54],"tasks.":[58],"In":[59,98],"this":[60,99],"paper,":[61],"we":[62,101,128],"propose":[63],"novel":[65],"Self-Adaptive":[66],"Aspect":[67],"Ratio":[68],"Anchor":[69],"(SARA)":[70],"to":[71,110,120,135],"explicitly":[72],"explore":[73],"ratio":[75,94],"variations":[76],"images.":[82],"To":[83],"be":[84],"concrete,":[85],"our":[86],"SARA":[87],"can":[88,102],"self-adaptively":[89],"learn":[90],"an":[91,130],"appropriate":[92],"each":[96],"category.":[97],"way,":[100],"only":[103],"utilize":[104],"simple":[106],"squared":[107],"anchor":[108],"(related":[109],"strides":[112],"feature":[114,138],"maps":[115,139],"Feature":[117],"Pyramid":[118],"Networks)":[119],"regress":[121],"various":[124],"ratios.":[126],"Finally,":[127],"adopt":[129],"Oriented":[131],"Box":[132],"Decoder":[133],"(OBD)":[134],"align":[136],"encode":[141],"orientation":[143],"information":[144],"oriented":[146],"objects.":[147],"Our":[148],"method":[149],"achieves":[150],"promising":[152],"mAP":[153],"value":[154],"79.91%":[156],"on":[157],"DOTA":[159],"dataset.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}