{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3149377632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071263","title":"Influence of Impervious Surface Area and Fractional Vegetation Cover on Seasonal Urban Surface Heating/Cooling Rates","display_name":"Influence of Impervious Surface Area and Fractional Vegetation Cover on Seasonal Urban Surface Heating/Cooling Rates","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3149377632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071263","mag":"3149377632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13071263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071263","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1263/pdf?version=1617937004","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1263/pdf?version=1617937004","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047128022","display_name":"Youshui Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111753288","display_name":"Fujian Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/020azk594","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Youshui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China","State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018226678","display_name":"Heiko Balzter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9053-4684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128104","display_name":"National Centre for Earth Observation","ror":"https://ror.org/0375jbm11","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210128104"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heiko Balzter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Landscape and Climate Research, School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK","National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Landscape and Climate Research, School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128104","https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345768","display_name":"Yu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7335-3697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111753288","display_name":"Fujian Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/020azk594","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047128022"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.0182,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9108173,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"7","first_page":"1263","last_page":"1263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impervious-surface","display_name":"Impervious surface","score":0.8034094572067261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7707986831665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microclimate","display_name":"Microclimate","score":0.6577475070953369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.5556339621543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-heat-island","display_name":"Urban heat island","score":0.553867518901825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4821852743625641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.3287484645843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.286994993686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14969277381896973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.0701826810836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.05498954653739929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2668921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434713","display_name":"Impervious surface","level":2,"score":0.8034094572067261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7707986831665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32957820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215108","display_name":"Microclimate","level":2,"score":0.6577475070953369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5556339621543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54005896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215712","display_name":"Urban heat island","level":2,"score":0.553867518901825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4821852743625641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3287484645843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.286994993686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14969277381896973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0701826810836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.05498954653739929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13071263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071263","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1263/pdf?version=1617937004","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f5981035b5f34582967310eae2815d9c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f5981035b5f34582967310eae2815d9c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 1263 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/14414639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Influence_of_impervious_surface_area_and_fractional_vegetation_cover_on_seasonal_urban_surface_heating_cooling_rates/14414639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/7/1263/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13071263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 7; Pages: 1263","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13071263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071263","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1263/pdf?version=1617937004","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1800099414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/T012447/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2584006579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/R000115/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4061351200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"nceo020005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","funder_display_name":"Sight Research UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4076460521","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"nceo020005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4443410242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/T012447/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","funder_display_name":"Sight Research UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5072611438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/R016518/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","funder_display_name":"Sight Research UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7238408947","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/R000115/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","funder_display_name":"Sight Research UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7685872390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/R016518/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","display_name":"Sight Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/03z2py885"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3149377632.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3149377632.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573565034","https://openalex.org/W1582058549","https://openalex.org/W1962255836","https://openalex.org/W1963894054","https://openalex.org/W1966352528","https://openalex.org/W1968163062","https://openalex.org/W1969666701","https://openalex.org/W1976712888","https://openalex.org/W1982212528","https://openalex.org/W1983322114","https://openalex.org/W1984811700","https://openalex.org/W1992617989","https://openalex.org/W1996534964","https://openalex.org/W2006273284","https://openalex.org/W2021384056","https://openalex.org/W2026256286","https://openalex.org/W2026332487","https://openalex.org/W2029733275","https://openalex.org/W2036670520","https://openalex.org/W2036864356","https://openalex.org/W2048995275","https://openalex.org/W2055971368","https://openalex.org/W2060042860","https://openalex.org/W2061475440","https://openalex.org/W2064859792","https://openalex.org/W2068274991","https://openalex.org/W2074398030","https://openalex.org/W2077611149","https://openalex.org/W2088003358","https://openalex.org/W2102182928","https://openalex.org/W2108554848","https://openalex.org/W2111371439","https://openalex.org/W2111841011","https://openalex.org/W2117098900","https://openalex.org/W2141409967","https://openalex.org/W2153763028","https://openalex.org/W2161241309","https://openalex.org/W2196119475","https://openalex.org/W2199807383","https://openalex.org/W2520229818","https://openalex.org/W2559225374","https://openalex.org/W2594511897","https://openalex.org/W2601995073","https://openalex.org/W2606629393","https://openalex.org/W2620124499","https://openalex.org/W2753423069","https://openalex.org/W2805046378","https://openalex.org/W2883689404","https://openalex.org/W2939432878","https://openalex.org/W2967454906","https://openalex.org/W2989924969","https://openalex.org/W6642610809","https://openalex.org/W6672517356","https://openalex.org/W6687360297","https://openalex.org/W6726910441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591943984","https://openalex.org/W3085738175","https://openalex.org/W2519441989","https://openalex.org/W4386260294","https://openalex.org/W2955540711","https://openalex.org/W4312597546","https://openalex.org/W3037036094","https://openalex.org/W2990560633","https://openalex.org/W2109665902","https://openalex.org/W1539205971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,95,114,172,230],"urban":[1,9,14,25,33,286,301,314,325],"thermal":[2,302,318],"environment":[3,35],"is":[4,55,321],"impacted":[5],"by":[6,78],"changes":[7],"in":[8,63,136,168,192,225,239,251,278],"landscape":[10,315],"patterns":[11,316],"resulting":[12],"from":[13,89],"expansion":[15],"and":[16,30,36,49,73,81,98,112,119,130,145,157,165,186,205,227,263,269,275,288,296,317,327],"seasonal":[17],"variation.":[18],"In":[19,57,178],"order":[20,137],"to":[21,68,82,123,138,259,284],"cope":[22],"effectively":[23],"with":[24,116,155,235,247],"heat":[26],"island":[27],"(UHI)":[28],"effects":[29,52,298],"improve":[31],"the":[32,41,50,70,84,90,125,140,146,151,169,175,193,198,207,242,261,300,313],"living":[34],"microclimate,":[37],"an":[38,308],"analysis":[39],"of":[40,44,53,143,149,153,200,209,214,266],"heating":[42,127,141,295],"effect":[43,142,148],"impervious":[45],"surface":[46,86,126,131],"areas":[47],"(ISA)":[48],"cooling":[51,132,147,297],"vegetation":[54,75,289],"needed.":[56],"this":[58],"study,":[59],"Landsat":[60],"8":[61],"data":[62],"four":[64,103,170],"seasons":[65,280],"were":[66,100,121,159],"used":[67,122,283],"derive":[69],"percent":[71,96,117,163,183,203,215,237],"ISA":[72,97,118,144,164,184,204,238,274,287],"fractional":[74],"cover":[76],"(FVC)":[77],"spectral":[79],"unmixing":[80],"retrieve":[83],"land":[85],"temperature":[87],"(LST)":[88],"radiative":[91],"transfer":[92],"equation":[93],"(RTE).":[94],"FVC":[99,120,166,190,276],"divided":[101],"into":[102,311],"different":[104,162,221,273,279],"categories":[105,167,277],"based":[106,271],"on":[107,202,272,299],"ranges":[108],"0\u201325%,":[109],"25\u201350%,":[110],"50\u201375%,":[111],"75\u2013100%.":[113],"LST":[115,154,201,270],"calculate":[124],"rate":[128,133],"(SHR)":[129],"(SCR).":[134],"Finally,":[135],"analyze":[139,260],"vegetation,":[150],"variations":[152],"SHR":[156,180,231],"SCR":[158,187,243],"compared":[160],"between":[161],"seasons.":[171],"results":[173],"showed":[174],"following:":[176],"(1)":[177],"summer,":[179],"decreases":[181,234,246],"as":[182,189,211,291,293],"increases":[185,188,191],"study":[194,254],"area.":[195],"(2)":[196],"Unlike":[197],"dependence":[199],"FVC,":[206,249],"trends":[208,265],"SHR/SCR":[210],"a":[212],"function":[213],"ISA/FVC":[216],"are":[217],"more":[218],"complex":[219],"for":[220,324],"value":[222],"ranges,":[223],"especially":[224],"spring":[226],"autumn.":[228,240],"(3)":[229],"(heating":[232],"capacity)":[233,245],"increasing":[236,248],"However,":[241],"(cooling":[244],"except":[250],"summer.":[252],"This":[253,304],"shows":[255],"that":[256],"our":[257],"methodology":[258],"variation":[262],"change":[264],"SHR,":[267],"SCR,":[268],"can":[281],"be":[282],"interpret":[285],"cover,":[290],"well":[292],"their":[294],"environment.":[303,319],"analytical":[305],"method":[306],"provides":[307],"important":[309],"insight":[310],"analyzing":[312],"It":[320],"also":[322],"helpful":[323],"planning":[326],"mitigating":[328],"UHI.":[329]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}