{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137324503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061201","title":"Similarity Index Based Approach for Identifying Similar Grotto Statues to Support Virtual Restoration","display_name":"Similarity Index Based Approach for Identifying Similar Grotto Statues to Support Virtual Restoration","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137324503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061201","mag":"3137324503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13061201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061201","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1201/pdf?version=1616409968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1201/pdf?version=1616409968","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403954","display_name":"Hua Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6038-2974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044069002","display_name":"Miaole Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0942-629X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800287464","display_name":"State Administration of Cultural Heritage","ror":"https://ror.org/04d0vc473","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800287464"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miaole Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Architectural Heritage Fine Reconstruction &amp; Health Monitoring, Beijing 102616, China","School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Architectural Heritage Fine Reconstruction &amp; Health Monitoring, Beijing 102616, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800287464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100900032","display_name":"Yunfei Qiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111084","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage","ror":"https://ror.org/01z22gc86","country_code":"CN","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfei Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058026087","display_name":"Xuesheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-9723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuesheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021312305","display_name":"Shishuo Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7635-5436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shishuo Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047703394","display_name":"Songnian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8244-5681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songnian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044069002"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800287464","https://openalex.org/I62853816"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.3838,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95641101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"1201","last_page":"1201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12981","display_name":"Conservation Techniques and Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1206","display_name":"Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12981","display_name":"Conservation Techniques and Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1206","display_name":"Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5811991095542908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthophoto","display_name":"Orthophoto","score":0.5217100977897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5101404786109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.508707582950592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-invariant-feature-transform","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","score":0.4787449240684509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.42317262291908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3225151598453522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.2012941837310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14784088730812073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5811991095542908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922585","display_name":"Orthophoto","level":2,"score":0.5217100977897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5101404786109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.508707582950592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61265191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767770","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","level":3,"score":0.4787449240684509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42317262291908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3225151598453522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2012941837310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14784088730812073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13061201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061201","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1201/pdf?version=1616409968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8cfe6f38ae9d4475bec17c1ef39cf45f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8cfe6f38ae9d4475bec17c1ef39cf45f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 6, p 1201 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/19985900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Similarity_Index_Based_Approach_for_Identifying_Similar_Grotto_Statues_to_Support_Virtual_Restoration/19985900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/6/1201/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 6; Pages: 1201","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13061201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061201","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1201/pdf?version=1616409968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137324503.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137324503.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92444655","https://openalex.org/W1973513717","https://openalex.org/W1980651385","https://openalex.org/W1998537130","https://openalex.org/W2016234299","https://openalex.org/W2022987770","https://openalex.org/W2026498605","https://openalex.org/W2040316145","https://openalex.org/W2049637652","https://openalex.org/W2067028669","https://openalex.org/W2072633254","https://openalex.org/W2075569300","https://openalex.org/W2077230361","https://openalex.org/W2098286882","https://openalex.org/W2117228865","https://openalex.org/W2120659915","https://openalex.org/W2124277756","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2153404544","https://openalex.org/W2166910890","https://openalex.org/W2171073511","https://openalex.org/W2185917628","https://openalex.org/W2346668944","https://openalex.org/W2569942262","https://openalex.org/W2734544968","https://openalex.org/W2746623565","https://openalex.org/W2794892375","https://openalex.org/W2799112149","https://openalex.org/W2801947861","https://openalex.org/W2888218737","https://openalex.org/W2888856026","https://openalex.org/W2911613722","https://openalex.org/W3135568920","https://openalex.org/W3145609436","https://openalex.org/W3149637600","https://openalex.org/W6604423727","https://openalex.org/W6654375896","https://openalex.org/W6685027383","https://openalex.org/W6758351635","https://openalex.org/W7036689041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532075541","https://openalex.org/W2368026034","https://openalex.org/W2367777051","https://openalex.org/W3087014565","https://openalex.org/W1657914084","https://openalex.org/W2363964889","https://openalex.org/W257151485","https://openalex.org/W3034955165","https://openalex.org/W2157723036","https://openalex.org/W1582871225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grottoes,":[0,109],"with":[1],"caves":[2],"and":[3,24,27,45,68,163],"statues,":[4],"are":[5,18,148],"an":[6],"important":[7,37],"part":[8],"of":[9,49,78,134,165,175,183,193,212],"immovable":[10],"heritage.":[11],"Statues":[12],"in":[13,21,106,111,187,208],"a":[14,84],"particular":[15],"grotto":[16,79,93,214],"setting":[17],"often":[19],"similar":[20,139,213],"geometric":[22],"form":[23],"artistic":[25],"style,":[26],"identifying":[28,90],"the":[29,46,75,103,107,121,127,131,145,152,161,173,180,184,188,201,209],"similarity":[30,85,115,176,202],"between":[31,92,144],"these":[32],"statues":[33,94,100,136,147],"can":[34],"help":[35],"provide":[36,70],"references":[38],"for":[39,74,89],"value":[40],"recognition,":[41],"condition":[42],"assessment,":[43],"repair,":[44],"virtual":[47,76],"restoration":[48,77],"statues.":[50,80,140,167,215],"Traditionally,":[51],"such":[52],"reference":[53],"information":[54],"mainly":[55],"depended":[56],"on":[57,102,126],"expert":[58],"empirical":[59],"judgment,":[60],"which":[61],"is":[62,117,206],"highly":[63],"subjective,":[64],"lacks":[65],"quantitative":[66],"analysis,":[67],"cannot":[69],"effective":[71],"scientific":[72],"support":[73,160],"This":[81],"paper":[82],"presents":[83],"index":[86,116,177,203],"based":[87,125,204],"approach":[88,205],"similarities":[91],"by":[95],"studying":[96],"11":[97],"small":[98],"Buddhist":[99,135],"carved":[101],"18th":[104],"cave":[105],"Yungang":[108],"located":[110],"Datong,":[112],"China.":[113],"The":[114,168,190],"determined":[118],"according":[119],"to":[120,137,159],"hash":[122],"values":[123,178],"calculated":[124],"pHash":[128],"method":[129],"using":[130,151],"orthophoto":[132],"images":[133],"identify":[138],"Similar":[141],"feature":[142],"points":[143],"identified":[146],"then":[149],"matched":[150],"Scale":[153],"Invariant":[154],"Feature":[155],"Transform":[156],"(SIFT)":[157],"operator":[158],"repair":[162],"reconstruction":[164],"damaged":[166],"experimental":[169],"results":[170],"show":[171],"that":[172,200],"variation":[174],"confirms":[179,199],"visual":[181],"inspection":[182],"statues\u2019":[185],"appearance":[186],"orthophotos.":[189],"additional":[191],"analysis":[192],"three-dimensional":[194],"(3D)":[195],"point":[196],"clouds":[197],"also":[198],"accurate":[207],"initial":[210],"screening":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
