{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137087412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061193","title":"GRACE-Derived Time Lag of Mekong Estuarine Freshwater Transport in the Western South China Sea Validated by Isotopic Tracer Age","display_name":"GRACE-Derived Time Lag of Mekong Estuarine Freshwater Transport in the Western South China Sea Validated by Isotopic Tracer Age","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137087412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061193","mag":"3137087412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13061193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061193","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1193/pdf?version=1616407945","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1193/pdf?version=1616407945","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017885281","display_name":"Zhongtian Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-2558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongtian Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039985236","display_name":"Hok Sum Fok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-5292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hok Sum Fok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045808730","display_name":"Linghao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3502-1832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linghao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039985236"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.7621,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70399042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"1193","last_page":"1193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13177","display_name":"Geological and Geophysical Studies","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lag","display_name":"Lag","score":0.7836751937866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-basin","display_name":"Structural basin","score":0.6090217232704163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-runoff","display_name":"Surface runoff","score":0.571052610874176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estuary","display_name":"Estuary","score":0.5658276081085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5649457573890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5073625445365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.4358806610107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.41233694553375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.3431381583213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.2716808021068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2526286840438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1551564633846283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12781178951263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.08923044800758362}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75778745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q342626","display_name":"Lag","level":2,"score":0.7836751937866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.6090217232704163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.571052610874176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88160329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47053","display_name":"Estuary","level":2,"score":0.5658276081085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5649457573890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5073625445365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.4358806610107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.41233694553375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.3431381583213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.2716808021068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2526286840438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1551564633846283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12781178951263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08923044800758362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13061193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061193","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1193/pdf?version=1616407945","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b046fd639294434b7a4828d17019490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b046fd639294434b7a4828d17019490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 6, p 1193 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/6/1193/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 6; Pages: 1193","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13061193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061193","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1193/pdf?version=1616407945","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1428435317","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.:","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G284247783","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41974003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8063061706","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41674007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G890757816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41374010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137087412.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137087412.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W328527326","https://openalex.org/W339356786","https://openalex.org/W1524953013","https://openalex.org/W1571428940","https://openalex.org/W1682486987","https://openalex.org/W1731699585","https://openalex.org/W1940832235","https://openalex.org/W1969374828","https://openalex.org/W1987901514","https://openalex.org/W1991064251","https://openalex.org/W1993852981","https://openalex.org/W1995139811","https://openalex.org/W1996322770","https://openalex.org/W2017622918","https://openalex.org/W2029358287","https://openalex.org/W2030365957","https://openalex.org/W2031705591","https://openalex.org/W2033891697","https://openalex.org/W2034307837","https://openalex.org/W2038765681","https://openalex.org/W2041475807","https://openalex.org/W2044242368","https://openalex.org/W2053404909","https://openalex.org/W2054537906","https://openalex.org/W2056483633","https://openalex.org/W2057499787","https://openalex.org/W2060576920","https://openalex.org/W2068968059","https://openalex.org/W2084353717","https://openalex.org/W2087942013","https://openalex.org/W2091771900","https://openalex.org/W2096459485","https://openalex.org/W2101035231","https://openalex.org/W2103356323","https://openalex.org/W2105146752","https://openalex.org/W2126978490","https://openalex.org/W2145370293","https://openalex.org/W2169230094","https://openalex.org/W2331101430","https://openalex.org/W2335836263","https://openalex.org/W2517875132","https://openalex.org/W2521813943","https://openalex.org/W2523841373","https://openalex.org/W2568359930","https://openalex.org/W2583914972","https://openalex.org/W2921075261","https://openalex.org/W2936023010","https://openalex.org/W2939675136","https://openalex.org/W2964509567","https://openalex.org/W2966272371","https://openalex.org/W2972651622","https://openalex.org/W2980622951","https://openalex.org/W2994670468","https://openalex.org/W2997100064","https://openalex.org/W3096208054","https://openalex.org/W6681426832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308514784","https://openalex.org/W2792447872","https://openalex.org/W4387879748","https://openalex.org/W2736025467","https://openalex.org/W2061220994","https://openalex.org/W1982013615","https://openalex.org/W1993477065","https://openalex.org/W2348200030","https://openalex.org/W2060473030","https://openalex.org/W2141904489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Estuarine":[0],"freshwater":[1,276],"transport":[2,31,277],"has":[3],"a":[4,62,126],"substantial":[5],"impact":[6],"on":[7,163],"the":[8,17,27,34,39,48,56,73,78,85,90,93,96,102,107,114,118,123,130,147,150,155,160,173,183,213,221,225,233,247,250,255,259,270,279],"near-shore":[9],"ecosystem":[10],"and":[11,47,65,92,141,167],"coastal":[12],"ocean":[13],"environment":[14],"away":[15],"from":[16,61,159,172,258],"estuary.":[18],"This":[19,267],"paper":[20],"introduces":[21],"two":[22,86,119],"independent":[23],"methods":[24],"to":[25,112],"track":[26],"Mekong":[28,44,274],"freshwater-induced":[29],"mass":[30],"by":[32,105,192,246,265,284],"calculating":[33],"time":[35,53,87,103,109,120,131,156,180,201,227,240,256],"lag":[36,104,132,157,181,202,241],"(or":[37],"equivalently,":[38],"phase)":[40],"between":[41,81,117,139],"in":[42,134,189,205],"situ":[43],"basin":[45],"runoff":[46],"equivalent":[49],"water":[50],"height":[51],"(EWH)":[52],"series":[54,88,110,121],"over":[55,278],"western":[57,280],"South":[58,281],"China":[59,282],"Sea":[60,283],"gravity":[63],"recovery":[64],"climate":[66],"experiment":[67],"(GRACE).":[68],"The":[69,235],"first":[70],"method":[71],"is":[72,95,262],"harmonic":[74],"analysis":[75,98],"that":[76,99,154,171,198],"determines":[77],"phase":[79],"difference":[80,215,252],"annual":[82],"components":[83],"of":[84,137,149,177,224,239,272],"(called":[89,122],"P-method),":[91],"other":[94],"cross-correlation":[97,116],"directly":[100],"obtains":[101],"shifting":[106],"lagged":[108],"forward":[111],"attain":[113],"highest":[115],"C-method).":[124],"Using":[125],"three-year":[127],"rolling":[128],"window,":[129],"variations":[133],"three":[135,222],"versions":[136,223],"GRACE":[138,226],"2005":[140],"2012":[142],"are":[143],"computed":[144],"for":[145,253],"demonstrating":[146],"consistency":[148],"results.":[151],"We":[152],"found":[153],"derived":[158],"P-method":[161],"is,":[162],"average,":[164],"slightly":[165],"larger":[166],"more":[168],"variable":[169],"than":[170,217],"C-method.":[174],"A":[175],"comparison":[176],"our":[178,199],"gridded":[179,200],"against":[182],"age":[184],"determined":[185],"via":[186],"radium":[187],"isotopes":[188],"September,":[190],"2007":[191],"Chen":[193],"et":[194],"al.":[195],"(2010)":[196],"revealed":[197],"results":[203],"were":[204],"good":[206],"agreement":[207],"with":[208,212],"most":[209],"isotope-derived":[210,260],"ages,":[211],"largest":[214],"less":[216],"6":[218],"days.":[219],"Among":[220],"series,":[228],"CSR":[229],"Release":[230],"05":[231],"performed":[232],"best.":[234],"lowest":[236],"standard":[237],"deviation":[238],"was":[242],"~1.6":[243],"days,":[244],"calculated":[245],"C-method,":[248],"whereas":[249],"mean":[251],"all":[254],"lags":[257],"ages":[261],"~1":[263],"day":[264],"P-method.":[266],"study":[268],"demonstrates":[269],"potential":[271],"monitoring":[273],"estuarine":[275],"GRACE.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}