{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138369934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061158","title":"Uneven Frontiers: Exposing the Geopolitics of Myanmar\u2019s Borderlands with Critical Remote Sensing","display_name":"Uneven Frontiers: Exposing the Geopolitics of Myanmar\u2019s Borderlands with Critical Remote Sensing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138369934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061158","mag":"3138369934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13061158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061158","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1158/pdf?version=1616139284","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1158/pdf?version=1616139284","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023131903","display_name":"Mia M. Bennett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1897-1334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100650","display_name":"Hong Kong Jockey Club","ror":"https://ror.org/015ygrv52","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mia M. Bennett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Room 10.23, Jockey Club Tower, Centennial Campus, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Room 10.23, Jockey Club Tower, Centennial Campus, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100650","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002661158","display_name":"Hilary Oliva Faxon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6977-8246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hilary Oliva Faxon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, 130 Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, 130 Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023131903"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100650","https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.2402,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77841852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"1158","last_page":"1158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10819","display_name":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","score":0.9362999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geopolitics","display_name":"Geopolitics","score":0.6884911060333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.5750793218612671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5737959146499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-group","display_name":"Ethnic group","score":0.5510051846504211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.44125232100486755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4373590350151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development-economics","display_name":"Development economics","score":0.32221686840057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.1671142876148224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1474955677986145}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201960208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159385","display_name":"Geopolitics","level":3,"score":0.6884911060333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5750793218612671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5737959146499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.5510051846504211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.44125232100486755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4373590350151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.32221686840057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.1671142876148224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1474955677986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13061158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061158","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1158/pdf?version=1616139284","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9e9515ed0c794b6fa13cad8d96a46b67","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9e9515ed0c794b6fa13cad8d96a46b67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 6, p 1158 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/6/1158/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 6; Pages: 1158","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13061158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061158","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1158/pdf?version=1616139284","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6042527376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Early Career Scheme","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310208","funder_display_name":"Regional Studies Association"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6094690411","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"International Dissertation Research Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306515","funder_display_name":"Social Science Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8428307428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9594","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306550","funder_display_name":"Wenner-Gren Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306515","display_name":"Social Science Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/006cvnv84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306550","display_name":"Wenner-Gren Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04qvvhf62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310208","display_name":"Regional Studies Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03b44vb62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3138369934.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3138369934.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":110,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500359428","https://openalex.org/W1794096020","https://openalex.org/W1844658515","https://openalex.org/W1963618769","https://openalex.org/W1965112269","https://openalex.org/W1974611041","https://openalex.org/W1980614834","https://openalex.org/W1994289038","https://openalex.org/W2016242051","https://openalex.org/W2023056471","https://openalex.org/W2025943354","https://openalex.org/W2029869753","https://openalex.org/W2030086020","https://openalex.org/W2032283859","https://openalex.org/W2034188422","https://openalex.org/W2034378841","https://openalex.org/W2052537819","https://openalex.org/W2055549666","https://openalex.org/W2056669964","https://openalex.org/W2064958055","https://openalex.org/W2075945231","https://openalex.org/W2076831371","https://openalex.org/W2079098188","https://openalex.org/W2086404797","https://openalex.org/W2087451580","https://openalex.org/W2088001257","https://openalex.org/W2089632989","https://openalex.org/W2141938041","https://openalex.org/W2157183464","https://openalex.org/W2167742631","https://openalex.org/W2320987795","https://openalex.org/W2346616361","https://openalex.org/W2514102741","https://openalex.org/W2518530732","https://openalex.org/W2530334683","https://openalex.org/W2532913256","https://openalex.org/W2547796326","https://openalex.org/W2551510638","https://openalex.org/W2557567230","https://openalex.org/W2562367886","https://openalex.org/W2564432643","https://openalex.org/W2585309444","https://openalex.org/W2590613213","https://openalex.org/W2591436041","https://openalex.org/W2605357478","https://openalex.org/W2605384053","https://openalex.org/W2745976675","https://openalex.org/W2769716168","https://openalex.org/W2774698122","https://openalex.org/W2777829380","https://openalex.org/W2782856901","https://openalex.org/W2791553493","https://openalex.org/W2792293515","https://openalex.org/W2800474454","https://openalex.org/W2800806563","https://openalex.org/W2802091306","https://openalex.org/W2807393992","https://openalex.org/W2895986440","https://openalex.org/W2903014742","https://openalex.org/W2904388379","https://openalex.org/W2912817597","https://openalex.org/W2917977966","https://openalex.org/W2920067315","https://openalex.org/W2937677292","https://openalex.org/W2940541273","https://openalex.org/W2940707922","https://openalex.org/W2944432191","https://openalex.org/W2947019663","https://openalex.org/W2955660171","https://openalex.org/W2964762027","https://openalex.org/W2965171235","https://openalex.org/W2966911727","https://openalex.org/W2989388288","https://openalex.org/W2991437828","https://openalex.org/W2993070148","https://openalex.org/W2998194785","https://openalex.org/W2999625495","https://openalex.org/W3010994128","https://openalex.org/W3012654185","https://openalex.org/W3014373791","https://openalex.org/W3015027753","https://openalex.org/W3019693131","https://openalex.org/W3027902290","https://openalex.org/W3033973892","https://openalex.org/W3045405726","https://openalex.org/W3046303182","https://openalex.org/W3061183372","https://openalex.org/W3085876409","https://openalex.org/W3090552217","https://openalex.org/W3090733009","https://openalex.org/W3091841382","https://openalex.org/W3095329496","https://openalex.org/W3112027279","https://openalex.org/W3112543180","https://openalex.org/W3134006723","https://openalex.org/W3135054660","https://openalex.org/W3150806421","https://openalex.org/W4241674894","https://openalex.org/W4243939717","https://openalex.org/W4248007112","https://openalex.org/W4293090678","https://openalex.org/W6730899871","https://openalex.org/W6734207672","https://openalex.org/W6757244382","https://openalex.org/W6760048400","https://openalex.org/W6762262085","https://openalex.org/W6775675955","https://openalex.org/W6783962537","https://openalex.org/W6992957289","https://openalex.org/W7006039312"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3018195655","https://openalex.org/W1958217578","https://openalex.org/W1960867961","https://openalex.org/W2965844629","https://openalex.org/W4234164611","https://openalex.org/W2749524358","https://openalex.org/W2990260514","https://openalex.org/W3144465343","https://openalex.org/W4382894321","https://openalex.org/W2354087421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"critical":[1],"remote":[2,313],"sensing":[3],"approach":[4],"illuminates":[5],"the":[6,51,80,109,153,166,183,200,215,231,237,247,289,306],"geopolitics":[7],"of":[8,32,65,134,142,152,160,199,241,291,298],"development":[9,227],"within":[10,144,280],"Myanmar":[11,75,281],"and":[12,29,34,50,56,61,69,121,190,192,208,220,228,296,310],"across":[13],"its":[14,85,135,221],"ethnic":[15,95,103,283],"minority":[16,96],"borderlands.":[17],"By":[18],"integrating":[19],"nighttime":[20],"light":[21,161,301],"(NTL)":[22],"data":[23,67,71],"from":[24,234,303],"1992\u20132020,":[25],"long-term":[26],"ethnographic":[27],"fieldwork,":[28],"a":[30,145,266],"review":[31],"scholarly":[33],"gray":[35],"literature,":[36],"we":[37],"analyzed":[38],"how":[39],"Myanmar\u2019s":[40,123,171,263],"economic":[41],"geography":[42],"defies":[43],"official":[44,177],"policy,":[45],"attesting":[46],"to":[47,195,236,246,288],"persistent":[48],"inequality":[49],"complex":[52],"relationships":[53],"between":[54,119,206],"state-sponsored":[55],"militia-led":[57],"violence,":[58],"resource":[59],"extraction,":[60],"trade.":[62],"While":[63],"analysis":[64,141],"DMSP-OLS":[66],"(1992\u20132013)":[68],"VIIRS":[70],"(2013\u20132020)":[72],"reveals":[73],"that":[74,156],"brightened":[76,98],"overall,":[77],"especially":[78],"since":[79],"2010s":[81],"in":[82,89,107,204,211,255,274,278,300],"line":[83],"with":[84,176,188],"now-halting":[86],"liberalization,":[87],"growth":[88],"lights":[90],"was":[91,252],"unequally":[92],"distributed.":[93],"Although":[94],"states":[97],"more":[99,114],"rapidly":[100],"than":[101],"urbanized":[102],"majority":[104],"lowland":[105],"regions,":[106],"2020,":[108,122],"latter":[110],"still":[111],"emitted":[112],"5.6-fold":[113],"radiance":[115,143,271,275],"per":[116],"km2.":[117],"Moreover,":[118],"2013":[120,207],"borderlands":[124],"were":[125,174,276],"on":[126,170],"average":[127],"just":[128],"13%":[129],"as":[130,132,181],"bright":[131],"those":[133],"five":[136],"neighboring":[137],"countries.":[138],"Hot":[139],"spot":[140],"50":[146],"km-wide":[147],"area":[148],"spanning":[149],"both":[150],"sides":[151],"border":[154,178,233],"confirmed":[155],"most":[157,201],"significant":[158,202],"clusters":[159],"lay":[162],"outside":[163],"Myanmar.":[164],"Among":[165],"few":[167],"hot":[168],"spots":[169],"side,":[172],"many":[173],"associated":[175],"crossings":[179],"such":[180],"Muse,":[182],"formal":[184],"hub":[185,240],"for":[186,308],"trade":[187,239],"China,":[189],"Tachileik":[191],"Myawaddy":[193],"next":[194],"Thailand.":[196],"Yet":[197],"some":[198],"increases":[203],"illumination":[205],"2020":[209],"occurred":[210],"areas":[212,279],"controlled":[213],"by":[214],"Wa":[216],"United":[217],"State":[218],"Party":[219],"army,":[222],"which":[223],"are":[224],"pursuing":[225],"infrastructure":[226],"mining":[229],"along":[230],"Chinese":[232],"Panghsang":[235],"illicit":[238],"Mongla.":[242],"Substantial":[243],"brightening":[244],"related":[245],"\u201cworld\u2019s":[248],"largest":[249],"refugee":[250],"camp\u201d":[251],"also":[253],"detected":[254],"Bangladesh,":[256],"where":[257,282],"displaced":[258],"Rohingya":[259],"Muslims":[260],"fled":[261],"after":[262],"military":[264],"launched":[265],"violent":[267],"crackdown.":[268],"However,":[269],"no":[270],"nor":[272],"change":[273],"discernible":[277],"cleansing":[284],"operations":[285],"occurred,":[286],"pointing":[287],"limitations":[290],"NTL.":[292],"The":[293],"diverse":[294],"drivers":[295],"implications":[297],"changes":[299],"observed":[302],"space":[304],"emphasize":[305],"need":[307],"political":[309],"economically":[311],"situated":[312],"sensing.":[314]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}