{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136393638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061049","title":"Joint Learning of Contour and Structure for Boundary-Preserved Building Extraction","display_name":"Joint Learning of Contour and Structure for Boundary-Preserved Building Extraction","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136393638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061049","mag":"3136393638"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13061049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061049","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1049/pdf?version=1615431251","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1049/pdf?version=1615431251","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100724400","display_name":"Cheng Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9469-030X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102022513","display_name":"Han Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1137-2208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398353","display_name":"Haifeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1173-6593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410012, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041512805","display_name":"Xuming Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1032-1938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuming Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103055572","display_name":"Min Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-7290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051244038","display_name":"Chuangnong Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuangnong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046744673","display_name":"Qing Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-4965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102022513"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.8929,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96645523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"1049","last_page":"1049"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.74677574634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6046221256256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5487504601478577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5431323647499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.5115073919296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-image","display_name":"Aerial image","score":0.5056378841400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.4929792881011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4453127980232239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.30936288833618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering","display_name":"Architectural engineering","score":0.14470094442367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08138138055801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0805288553237915}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.74677574634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6046221256256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5487504601478577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5431323647499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5115073919296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688011","display_name":"Aerial image","level":3,"score":0.5056378841400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.4929792881011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4453127980232239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30936288833618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.14470094442367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08138138055801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0805288553237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13061049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061049","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1049/pdf?version=1615431251","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d4f80a65bd6e459ea418ceffd49432b0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d4f80a65bd6e459ea418ceffd49432b0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 6, p 1049 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/6/1049/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 6; Pages: 1049","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13061049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061049","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1049/pdf?version=1615431251","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8440336394","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41631174","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136393638.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136393638.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W845365781","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1976827068","https://openalex.org/W2000803298","https://openalex.org/W2018839022","https://openalex.org/W2141422564","https://openalex.org/W2284448692","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2503140068","https://openalex.org/W2546910646","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2609402060","https://openalex.org/W2620689612","https://openalex.org/W2623490820","https://openalex.org/W2757094569","https://openalex.org/W2760340275","https://openalex.org/W2787614951","https://openalex.org/W2790741584","https://openalex.org/W2809426059","https://openalex.org/W2888733778","https://openalex.org/W2888889084","https://openalex.org/W2889301062","https://openalex.org/W2890744721","https://openalex.org/W2897936062","https://openalex.org/W2900629394","https://openalex.org/W2908320224","https://openalex.org/W2911375751","https://openalex.org/W2912114399","https://openalex.org/W2914902383","https://openalex.org/W2939647427","https://openalex.org/W2962783501","https://openalex.org/W2962872526","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W2963570197","https://openalex.org/W2963659230","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2980346985","https://openalex.org/W2982206001","https://openalex.org/W2983751567","https://openalex.org/W2991441757","https://openalex.org/W2991471181","https://openalex.org/W2994342516","https://openalex.org/W2996327453","https://openalex.org/W3005428246","https://openalex.org/W3007268491","https://openalex.org/W3009974559","https://openalex.org/W3012630451","https://openalex.org/W3014060899","https://openalex.org/W3019847943","https://openalex.org/W3022397457","https://openalex.org/W3024506755","https://openalex.org/W3033755576","https://openalex.org/W3035752277","https://openalex.org/W3038206524","https://openalex.org/W3083786945","https://openalex.org/W3103294501","https://openalex.org/W3104874079","https://openalex.org/W3112979587","https://openalex.org/W6680621791","https://openalex.org/W6738833933","https://openalex.org/W6759088306"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989735375","https://openalex.org/W2034727732","https://openalex.org/W2050609384","https://openalex.org/W2127305659","https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W1992574978","https://openalex.org/W4281727072","https://openalex.org/W4312219546","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W2171975302"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"of":[1,8,71,79,96,100,106,122,178,185],"the":[2,6,14,51,58,69,72,75,80,86,94,97,104,110,116,120,127,136,147,160,169,176,183],"existing":[3],"approaches":[4],"to":[5,53,118,134,138],"extraction":[7],"buildings":[9,25,36,81,101],"from":[10],"high-resolution":[11],"orthoimages":[12],"consider":[13],"problem":[15],"as":[16,35,47],"semantic":[17,132],"segmentation,":[18],"which":[19],"extracts":[20],"a":[21,41,63],"pixel-wise":[22],"mask":[23,98],"for":[24,182],"and":[26,50,77,153,163,167],"trains":[27],"end-to-end":[28],"with":[29,130],"manually":[30],"labeled":[31],"building":[32,111,123,165,179],"maps.":[33],"However,":[34],"are":[37,82,91],"highly":[38],"structured,":[39],"such":[40,46],"strategy":[42,65],"suffers":[43],"several":[44],"problems,":[45,60],"blurred":[48],"boundaries":[49],"adhesion":[52],"close":[54],"objects.":[55],"To":[56],"alleviate":[57],"above":[59],"we":[61],"proposed":[62,148],"new":[64],"that":[66,146],"also":[67],"considers":[68],"contours":[70,76,90,105],"buildings.":[73,107,187],"Both":[74],"structures":[78],"jointly":[83],"learned":[84],"in":[85,115],"same":[87],"network.":[88],"The":[89,142,188],"learnable":[92],"because":[93],"boundary":[95],"labels":[99,117],"implicitly":[102],"represents":[103],"We":[108],"utilized":[109],"contour":[112,128],"information":[113,129],"embedded":[114],"optimize":[119],"representation":[121],"boundaries,":[124,180],"then":[125],"combined":[126],"multi-scale":[131],"features":[133],"enhance":[135],"robustness":[137],"image":[139],"spatial":[140],"resolution.":[141],"experimental":[143],"results":[144],"showed":[145],"method":[149],"achieved":[150],"91.64%,":[151],"81.34%,":[152],"74.51%":[154],"intersection":[155],"over":[156],"union":[157],"(IoU)":[158],"on":[159],"WHU,":[161],"Aerial,":[162],"Massachusetts":[164],"datasets,":[166],"outperformed":[168],"state-of-the-art":[170],"(SOTA)":[171],"methods.":[172],"It":[173],"significantly":[174],"improved":[175],"accuracy":[177],"especially":[181],"edges":[184],"adjacent":[186],"code":[189],"is":[190],"made":[191],"publicly":[192],"available.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}