{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135879932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13051014","title":"Determination of Process Noise for Underwater Target Tracking with Forward Looking Sonar","display_name":"Determination of Process Noise for Underwater Target Tracking with Forward Looking Sonar","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135879932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13051014","mag":"3135879932"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13051014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13051014","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/1014/pdf?version=1615371656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/1014/pdf?version=1615371656","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066570361","display_name":"Witold Kazimierski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9637-0457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199688382","display_name":"Maritime University of Szczecin","ror":"https://ror.org/02sj9tq04","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199688382"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Witold Kazimierski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Navigation, Chair of Geoinformatics, Maritime University of Szczecin, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Navigation, Chair of Geoinformatics, Maritime University of Szczecin, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199688382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056123595","display_name":"Grzegorz Zaniewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7942-3644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199688382","display_name":"Maritime University of Szczecin","ror":"https://ror.org/02sj9tq04","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199688382"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grzegorz Zaniewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Navigation, Chair of Geoinformatics, Maritime University of Szczecin, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Navigation, Chair of Geoinformatics, Maritime University of Szczecin, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199688382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066570361"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199688382"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.3509,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95169862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"1014","last_page":"1014"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonar","display_name":"Sonar","score":0.803219199180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7302346229553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.649604856967926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6025223731994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5682227611541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.5659903883934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5281505584716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.41033971309661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34551382064819336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3263976573944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2207813262939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11976960301399231}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555745239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133220","display_name":"Sonar","level":2,"score":0.803219199180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7302346229553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.649604856967926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6025223731994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5682227611541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.5659903883934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5281505584716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.41033971309661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34551382064819336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3263976573944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2207813262939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11976960301399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13051014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13051014","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/1014/pdf?version=1615371656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:315e4553bda542e9aac138e8a19ee07f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/315e4553bda542e9aac138e8a19ee07f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 5, p 1014 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/5/1014/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13051014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 5; Pages: 1014","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13051014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13051014","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/1014/pdf?version=1615371656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135879932.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135879932.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W318107776","https://openalex.org/W1593131588","https://openalex.org/W1906577849","https://openalex.org/W1988601779","https://openalex.org/W2005654215","https://openalex.org/W2006475837","https://openalex.org/W2047779256","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2134042550","https://openalex.org/W2140422776","https://openalex.org/W2150397151","https://openalex.org/W2191260575","https://openalex.org/W2331952345","https://openalex.org/W2333226494","https://openalex.org/W2517199115","https://openalex.org/W2604847841","https://openalex.org/W2605470128","https://openalex.org/W2615309803","https://openalex.org/W2658346627","https://openalex.org/W2742284068","https://openalex.org/W2782436561","https://openalex.org/W2904821097","https://openalex.org/W2945392922","https://openalex.org/W2945779423","https://openalex.org/W2955567706","https://openalex.org/W2972585706","https://openalex.org/W2979286473","https://openalex.org/W4235392996","https://openalex.org/W4256486341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199220297","https://openalex.org/W2137769200","https://openalex.org/W2070821970","https://openalex.org/W2032962400","https://openalex.org/W2952608638","https://openalex.org/W1996172652","https://openalex.org/W2911323905","https://openalex.org/W56094667","https://openalex.org/W4249320331","https://openalex.org/W2350761455"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Target":[0],"tracking":[1,37,54,193],"is":[2,15,38,57,104],"a":[3,11,86,93,111,126,133,140],"process":[4,87,90,100,147,188],"that":[5],"provides":[6],"information":[7],"about":[8],"targets":[9],"in":[10,28,190],"specific":[12],"area":[13],"and":[14,73,92,120,132,178],"one":[16,41],"of":[17,24,42,63,85,128,135,143,168,187],"the":[18,22,43,61,69,77,83,116,129,136,144,164,169,175,179],"key":[19],"issues":[20],"affecting":[21],"safety":[23],"any":[25],"vehicle":[26],"navigating":[27],"water.":[29],"The":[30,52,158,166],"main":[31],"sensor":[32],"used":[33,185],"for":[34],"underwater":[35,191],"target":[36,53,192],"sonar,":[39],"with":[40,60,110,183],"most":[44],"popular":[45],"configurations":[46],"being":[47],"forward":[48],"looking":[49],"sonar":[50],"(FLS).":[51],"state":[55],"vector":[56],"usually":[58,105],"estimated":[59],"use":[62],"numerical":[64],"filter":[65,71,79],"algorithms,":[66],"such":[67],"as":[68,107],"Kalman":[70],"(KF)":[72],"its":[74],"modification,":[75],"or":[76],"particle":[78],"(PF).":[80],"This":[81,96],"requires":[82],"definition":[84],"model,":[88],"including":[89,125],"noise,":[91,109],"measurement":[94],"model.":[95],"study":[97],"focused":[98],"on":[99],"noise":[101,148,189],"definition.":[102],"It":[103],"implemented":[106],"Gaussian":[108],"covariance":[112],"matrix":[113],"defined":[114],"by":[115,154,174],"author.":[117],"An":[118],"analytical":[119],"empirical":[121,156,176],"analysis":[122,142,171],"was":[123,149,152],"conducted,":[124,150],"verification":[127],"existing":[130],"approaches":[131],"survey":[134],"published":[137],"literature.":[138],"Additionally,":[139],"theoretical":[141,170],"factors":[145],"influencing":[146],"which":[151],"followed":[153],"an":[155],"verification.":[157],"results":[159,167,180],"were":[160,172,181],"discussed,":[161],"leading":[162],"to":[163],"conclusions.":[165],"confirmed":[173],"experiment":[177],"compared":[182],"commonly":[184],"values":[186],"processes.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}