{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136379894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13051012","title":"Spatial and Multi-Temporal Analysis of Land Surface Temperature through Landsat 8 Images: Comparison of Algorithms in a Highly Polluted City (Granada)","display_name":"Spatial and Multi-Temporal Analysis of Land Surface Temperature through Landsat 8 Images: Comparison of Algorithms in a Highly Polluted City (Granada)","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136379894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13051012","mag":"3136379894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13051012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13051012","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/1012/pdf?version=1615430108","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/1012/pdf?version=1615430108","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064423221","display_name":"David Hidalgo Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4039-8709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Hidalgo Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architectural Graphic Expression, Technical Superior School of Building Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architectural Graphic Expression, Technical Superior School of Building Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110314219","display_name":"Juli\u00e1n Arco D\u00edaz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juli\u00e1n Arco D\u00edaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architectural Graphic Expression, Technical Superior School of Building Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architectural Graphic Expression, Technical Superior School of Building Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064423221"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.3684,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77630468,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"1012","last_page":"1012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5964705348014832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5713291764259338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5693361759185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.48892226815223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.48178407549858093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-cover","display_name":"Cloud cover","score":0.44538748264312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3407563865184784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.33771079778671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3346937298774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2854445278644562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26271143555641174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.24146494269371033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.21687164902687073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5964705348014832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5713291764259338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5693361759185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.48892226815223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.48178407549858093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206887242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830457","display_name":"Cloud cover","level":3,"score":0.44538748264312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3407563865184784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.33771079778671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3346937298774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2854445278644562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26271143555641174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24146494269371033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.21687164902687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13051012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13051012","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/1012/pdf?version=1615430108","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/68076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10481/68076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400567","display_name":"Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Granada","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4dbbcce590174dff9e2eff8d95b9c3eb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4dbbcce590174dff9e2eff8d95b9c3eb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 5, p 1012 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/5/1012/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13051012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13051012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13051012","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/1012/pdf?version=1615430108","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1855019947","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EQC2018-004702-P","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136379894.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136379894.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W590766485","https://openalex.org/W1533158933","https://openalex.org/W1537433186","https://openalex.org/W1545565649","https://openalex.org/W1781101400","https://openalex.org/W1974493897","https://openalex.org/W1978125380","https://openalex.org/W1987277636","https://openalex.org/W1990793870","https://openalex.org/W1994302455","https://openalex.org/W1998457169","https://openalex.org/W2000314493","https://openalex.org/W2002157389","https://openalex.org/W2004127745","https://openalex.org/W2005828912","https://openalex.org/W2019754483","https://openalex.org/W2024477430","https://openalex.org/W2026337749","https://openalex.org/W2044635197","https://openalex.org/W2045635791","https://openalex.org/W2046970602","https://openalex.org/W2048439124","https://openalex.org/W2054904636","https://openalex.org/W2058529145","https://openalex.org/W2067542652","https://openalex.org/W2068582210","https://openalex.org/W2069175094","https://openalex.org/W2069642449","https://openalex.org/W2071154552","https://openalex.org/W2076447280","https://openalex.org/W2078478034","https://openalex.org/W2087776137","https://openalex.org/W2091378198","https://openalex.org/W2093623508","https://openalex.org/W2102182928","https://openalex.org/W2107795096","https://openalex.org/W2119204870","https://openalex.org/W2123615819","https://openalex.org/W2127437631","https://openalex.org/W2131085793","https://openalex.org/W2156049446","https://openalex.org/W2157253897","https://openalex.org/W2159538844","https://openalex.org/W2161241309","https://openalex.org/W2169278316","https://openalex.org/W2289096635","https://openalex.org/W2339332955","https://openalex.org/W2463671523","https://openalex.org/W2559075478","https://openalex.org/W2583769957","https://openalex.org/W2588991060","https://openalex.org/W2736667399","https://openalex.org/W2770512447","https://openalex.org/W2787224732","https://openalex.org/W2794103215","https://openalex.org/W2794335824","https://openalex.org/W2801198784","https://openalex.org/W2803632096","https://openalex.org/W2803959140","https://openalex.org/W2884391838","https://openalex.org/W2887062203","https://openalex.org/W2890253766","https://openalex.org/W2897319235","https://openalex.org/W2909007985","https://openalex.org/W2910654184","https://openalex.org/W2944846283","https://openalex.org/W2945491126","https://openalex.org/W2965833155","https://openalex.org/W2965883120","https://openalex.org/W2971593981","https://openalex.org/W2988320557","https://openalex.org/W2989618893","https://openalex.org/W2995191734","https://openalex.org/W2999561773","https://openalex.org/W3009179252","https://openalex.org/W3011655579","https://openalex.org/W3011905071","https://openalex.org/W3014089499","https://openalex.org/W3016189291","https://openalex.org/W3020010956","https://openalex.org/W3027016854","https://openalex.org/W3033371505","https://openalex.org/W3037700547","https://openalex.org/W3111656942","https://openalex.org/W4232031240","https://openalex.org/W6779714618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2068630047","https://openalex.org/W1993102220","https://openalex.org/W2167750124","https://openalex.org/W2101408834","https://openalex.org/W4252337044","https://openalex.org/W118630527","https://openalex.org/W2102148524","https://openalex.org/W38289631","https://openalex.org/W3083766366"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,13,21,43,49,66,76,150,168,184,191,201,204],"past":[2],"decade,":[3],"satellite":[4],"imaging":[5],"has":[6,105],"become":[7],"a":[8,79,99,117,178],"habitual":[9],"way":[10],"to":[11,97,166,183],"determine":[12,75],"land":[14],"surface":[15],"temperature":[16,111],"(LST).":[17],"One":[18],"means":[19,145],"entails":[20],"use":[22],"of":[23,48,65,69,78,146,170,203],"Landsat":[24,86],"8":[25,87],"images,":[26],"for":[27,121],"which":[28,57],"mono":[29],"window":[30,37],"(MW),":[31],"single":[32],"channel":[33],"(SC)":[34],"and":[35,45,108,138,160,197],"split":[36],"(SW)":[38],"algorithms":[39,88,193],"are":[40,90],"needed.":[41],"Knowing":[42],"precision":[44],"seasonal":[46],"variability":[47],"LST":[50,77,202],"can":[51],"improve":[52],"urban":[53],"climate":[54],"alteration":[55],"studies,":[56],"ultimately":[58],"help":[59],"make":[60],"sustainable":[61],"decisions":[62],"in":[63,199],"terms":[64],"greater":[67],"resilience":[68],"cities.":[70],"In":[71,95],"this":[72,103],"study":[73],"we":[74],"mid-sized":[80],"city,":[81],"Granada":[82],"(Spain),":[83],"applying":[84],"six":[85],"that":[89,114,190],"validated":[91],"using":[92],"ambient":[93],"temperatures.":[94],"addition":[96],"having":[98],"unique":[100],"geographical":[101],"location,":[102],"city":[104,205],"high":[106,109],"pollution":[107],"daily":[110],"variations,":[112],"so":[113],"it":[115],"is":[116,175],"very":[118,127],"appropriate":[119],"site":[120],"study.":[122],"Altogether,":[123],"11":[124],"images":[125],"with":[126,181],"low":[128],"cloudiness":[129],"were":[130,164],"taken":[131],"into":[132],"account,":[133],"distributed":[134],"between":[135],"November":[136],"2019":[137],"October":[139],"2020.":[140],"After":[141],"data":[142,173],"validation":[143],"by":[144],"R2":[147],"statistical":[148],"analysis,":[149],"root":[151],"mean":[152,156],"square":[153],"error":[154,158],"(RMSE),":[155],"bias":[157],"(MBE)":[159],"standard":[161],"deviation":[162],"(SD)":[163],"determined":[165],"obtain":[167],"coefficients":[169],"correlation.":[171],"Panel":[172],"analysis":[174],"presented":[176],"as":[177],"novel":[179],"element":[180],"respect":[182],"methods":[185],"usually":[186],"used.":[187],"Results":[188],"reveal":[189],"SC":[192],"prove":[194],"more":[195],"effective":[196],"reliable":[198],"determining":[200],"studied":[206],"here.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}