{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135493063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050910","title":"Integrating Weighted Feature Fusion and the Spatial Attention Module with Convolutional Neural Networks for Automatic Aircraft Detection from SAR Images","display_name":"Integrating Weighted Feature Fusion and the Spatial Attention Module with Convolutional Neural Networks for Automatic Aircraft Detection from SAR Images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135493063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050910","mag":"3135493063"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13050910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050910","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/910/pdf?version=1615463855","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/910/pdf?version=1615463855","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039992776","display_name":"Jielan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4006-8053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jielan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Radar Remote Sensing Applications, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410014, China","School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Radar Remote Sensing Applications, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017494483","display_name":"Hongguang Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9697-6678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongguang Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050038222","display_name":"Lifu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2432-9583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lifu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Radar Remote Sensing Applications, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410014, China","School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Radar Remote Sensing Applications, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081112851","display_name":"Xing Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-3414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043728871","display_name":"Zhouhao Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130112","display_name":"China Academy of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038dte259","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130112","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhouhao Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology, Beijing 100041, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology, Beijing 100041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060755517","display_name":"Ru Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5665-0473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ru Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Radar Remote Sensing Applications, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410014, China","School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Radar Remote Sensing Applications, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055682171","display_name":"Xingmin Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7067-0961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingmin Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Radar Remote Sensing Applications, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410014, China","School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Radar Remote Sensing Applications, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017494483"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":12.9199,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98674061,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"910","last_page":"910"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8141271471977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runway","display_name":"Runway","score":0.6835050582885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.6109141707420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5988408327102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5787723064422607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5062567591667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.47353002429008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.47299227118492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.46271321177482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.44565606117248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43813103437423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3802133798599243}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8141271471977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81155309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184590","display_name":"Runway","level":2,"score":0.6835050582885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.6109141707420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5988408327102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5787723064422607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5062567591667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.47353002429008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.47299227118492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.46271321177482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.44565606117248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43813103437423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3802133798599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13050910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050910","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/910/pdf?version=1615463855","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:20d4cec0788f44d3bfd9d38be654896a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/20d4cec0788f44d3bfd9d38be654896a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 5, p 910 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprint.ncl.ac.uk:273910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/5/910/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 5; Pages: 910","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13050910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050910","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/910/pdf?version=1615463855","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135493063.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135493063.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2115015615","https://openalex.org/W2115178614","https://openalex.org/W2124648367","https://openalex.org/W2148791593","https://openalex.org/W2152433379","https://openalex.org/W2803946476","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2947801910","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2967493388","https://openalex.org/W2968080612","https://openalex.org/W2979691948","https://openalex.org/W2997747012","https://openalex.org/W3004477218","https://openalex.org/W3004629235","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3089074938","https://openalex.org/W3089396110","https://openalex.org/W3118998402","https://openalex.org/W6769405405"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373284441","https://openalex.org/W1578981866","https://openalex.org/W2887100346","https://openalex.org/W2056834547","https://openalex.org/W2753632835","https://openalex.org/W2102868673","https://openalex.org/W4322506511","https://openalex.org/W4362495656","https://openalex.org/W617408315","https://openalex.org/W2969228573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,185],"automatic":[1,52,224],"detection":[2,41,55,140,162,186],"of":[3,28,56,77,129,168,192,223],"aircrafts":[4],"from":[5],"SAR":[6,36,174],"images":[7,175],"is":[8,48,102,147,216],"widely":[9],"applied":[10,148],"in":[11,35,90,182],"both":[12],"military":[13],"and":[14,31,53,74,98,118,132,157,188,198,204],"civil":[15],"fields,":[16],"but":[17],"there":[18],"are":[19,66,81,180,196],"still":[20],"considerable":[21],"challenges.":[22],"To":[23,164],"address":[24],"the":[25,62,70,78,109,114,119,127,139,143,150,159,166,169,183,208,213],"high":[26,59],"variety":[27],"aircraft":[29,57,161,225],"sizes":[30],"complex":[32],"background":[33],"information":[34],"images,":[37],"a":[38,84],"new":[39,85],"fast":[40],"framework":[42,215],"based":[43],"on":[44],"convolution":[45],"neural":[46,87],"networks":[47],"proposed,":[49],"which":[50,201],"achieves":[51],"rapid":[54],"with":[58,176,212],"accuracy.":[60,141],"First,":[61],"airport":[63,71,80,144],"runway":[64,72,145],"areas":[65],"detected":[67,151],"to":[68,104,149,153],"generate":[69],"mask":[73,146],"rectangular":[75],"contour":[76],"whole":[79],"generated.":[82],"Then,":[83],"deep":[86],"network":[88],"proposed":[89,170,214],"this":[91],"paper,":[92],"named":[93],"Efficient":[94],"Weighted":[95],"Feature":[96],"Fusion":[97],"Attention":[99],"Network":[100],"(EWFAN),":[101],"used":[103],"detect":[105],"aircrafts.":[106],"EWFAN":[107,123,194],"integrates":[108],"weighted":[110],"feature":[111,134],"fusion":[112],"module,":[113],"spatial":[115],"attention":[116],"mechanism,":[117],"CIF":[120],"loss":[121],"function.":[122],"can":[124],"effectively":[125],"reduce":[126,154],"interference":[128],"negative":[130],"samples":[131],"enhance":[133],"extraction,":[135],"thereby":[136],"significantly":[137],"improving":[138],"Finally,":[142],"results":[152],"false":[155,189],"alarms":[156],"produce":[158],"final":[160],"results.":[163],"evaluate":[165],"performance":[167],"framework,":[171],"large-scale":[172],"Gaofen-3":[173],"1":[177],"m":[178],"resolution":[179],"utilized":[181],"experiment.":[184],"rate":[187,191],"alarm":[190],"our":[193],"algorithm":[195],"95.4%":[197],"3.3%,":[199],"respectively,":[200],"outperforms":[202],"Efficientdet":[203],"YOLOv4.":[205],"In":[206],"addition,":[207],"average":[209],"test":[210],"time":[211],"only":[217],"15.40":[218],"s,":[219],"indicating":[220],"satisfying":[221],"efficiency":[222],"detection.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-27T01:12:40.094763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}