{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134283883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050884","title":"Temperature Variations in Multiple Air Layers before the Mw 6.2 2014 Ludian Earthquake, Yunnan, China","display_name":"Temperature Variations in Multiple Air Layers before the Mw 6.2 2014 Ludian Earthquake, Yunnan, China","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134283883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050884","mag":"3134283883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13050884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050884","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/884/pdf?version=1614338743","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/884/pdf?version=1614338743","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100386075","display_name":"Ying Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0266-8296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046972821","display_name":"Qingyan Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-4081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingyan Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026250667","display_name":"Zian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3906-2180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111598714","display_name":"Xian Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118281","display_name":"National Earthquake Response Support Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02gzvm828","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118281"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xian Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing 100045, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing 100045, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118281"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043882060","display_name":"Die Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0482-7585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Die Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046972821"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.6489,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93390822,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"884","last_page":"884"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10110","display_name":"earthquake and tectonic studies","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13018","display_name":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epicenter","display_name":"Epicenter","score":0.7916677594184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.6020620465278625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4709257483482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tidal-force","display_name":"Tidal force","score":0.47086301445961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-temperature","display_name":"Air temperature","score":0.44368094205856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.4323117136955261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.39561909437179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.33571913838386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.27944523096084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08904233574867249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07860371470451355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60859754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106032","display_name":"Epicenter","level":2,"score":0.7916677594184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6020620465278625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4709257483482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86597896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223325","display_name":"Tidal force","level":2,"score":0.47086301445961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983363897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845339","display_name":"Air temperature","level":2,"score":0.44368094205856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.4323117136955261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.39561909437179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.33571913838386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.27944523096084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08904233574867249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07860371470451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13050884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050884","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/884/pdf?version=1614338743","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5bb8a47658c4436aacf96b2ca93d0c3f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5bb8a47658c4436aacf96b2ca93d0c3f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 5, p 884 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/5/884/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 5; Pages: 884","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13050884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050884","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/5/884/pdf?version=1614338743","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314997","display_name":"Strong","ror":"https://ror.org/041vyzr56"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3134283883.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3134283883.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538838140","https://openalex.org/W1638728847","https://openalex.org/W1835594958","https://openalex.org/W1963954723","https://openalex.org/W1964290394","https://openalex.org/W1966670304","https://openalex.org/W1972115073","https://openalex.org/W1977524366","https://openalex.org/W1982283347","https://openalex.org/W1992703632","https://openalex.org/W2006129406","https://openalex.org/W2006995468","https://openalex.org/W2012407814","https://openalex.org/W2016173096","https://openalex.org/W2018480025","https://openalex.org/W2030517180","https://openalex.org/W2057905079","https://openalex.org/W2064278230","https://openalex.org/W2068658370","https://openalex.org/W2072589506","https://openalex.org/W2075288375","https://openalex.org/W2075557401","https://openalex.org/W2092587150","https://openalex.org/W2096692108","https://openalex.org/W2104182634","https://openalex.org/W2135753846","https://openalex.org/W2137207001","https://openalex.org/W2142975362","https://openalex.org/W2160279694","https://openalex.org/W2163026053","https://openalex.org/W2182900958","https://openalex.org/W2284147006","https://openalex.org/W2407345205","https://openalex.org/W2517949071","https://openalex.org/W2596922662","https://openalex.org/W2732015319","https://openalex.org/W2791992564","https://openalex.org/W2920807359","https://openalex.org/W3124480748","https://openalex.org/W6658113029","https://openalex.org/W6669211973","https://openalex.org/W6686236411","https://openalex.org/W6741026663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2122054762","https://openalex.org/W2349895741","https://openalex.org/W2009058129","https://openalex.org/W171068127","https://openalex.org/W2384975897","https://openalex.org/W2011008502","https://openalex.org/W2061824192","https://openalex.org/W2349559393","https://openalex.org/W2382212528","https://openalex.org/W1964991455"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0],"3":[1],"August":[2],"2014,":[3],"an":[4],"Mw":[5],"6.2":[6],"earthquake":[7,20],"occurred":[8],"in":[9,60,256],"Ludian,":[10],"Yunnan":[11],"Province,":[12],"China":[13],"(27.245\u00b0":[14],"N":[15],"103.427\u00b0":[16],"E).":[17],"This":[18],"damaging":[19],"caused":[21],"approximately":[22],"400":[23],"fatalities,":[24],"1800":[25],"injuries,":[26],"and":[27,47,66,97,110,113,123,137,171],"the":[28,40,48,57,68,72,93,102,118,121,126,138,141,146,157,161,175,186,189,209,216,221,226,232,252],"destruction":[29],"of":[30,39,75,83,125,140,160,211],"at":[31,168],"least":[32],"12,000":[33],"houses.":[34],"Using":[35],"air":[36,62,98,150,212,233],"temperature":[37,58,151,213,234,254],"data":[38,235],"National":[41],"Center":[42],"for":[43,250],"Environmental":[44],"Prediction":[45],"(NCEP)":[46],"tidal":[49,131,147,162,176,222],"force":[50,148,163,177],"fluctuant":[51],"analysis":[52],"(TFFA)":[53],"method,":[54],"we":[55,206],"derive":[56],"variations":[59],"multiple":[61],"layers":[63],"between":[64],"before":[65,95],"after":[67],"Ludian":[69,196],"earthquake.":[70],"In":[71],"spatial":[73],"range":[74,124],"30\u00b0":[76,78],"\u00d7":[77],"(12\u00b0\u201342\u00b0":[79],"N,":[80],"88\u00b0\u2013118\u00b0":[81],"E)":[82],"China,":[84],"a":[85,107,247],"thermal":[86,127,142,190,227],"anomaly":[87,128,143],"appeared":[88],"only":[89],"on":[90,203],"or":[91],"near":[92],"epicenter":[94],"earthquake,":[96,120],"was":[99,133,152,179],"heated":[100],"from":[101],"land,":[103],"then":[104,111],"uplifted":[105],"by":[106,237,242],"heat":[108],"flux,":[109],"cooled":[112],"dissipated":[114],"upon":[115],"rising.":[116],"With":[117],"approaching":[119],"duration":[122],"during":[129,156],"each":[130],"cycle":[132],"found":[134,153],"to":[135,154,165,172,195],"increase,":[136],"amplitude":[139],"varied":[144],"with":[145],"potential:":[149],"rise":[155],"negative":[158],"phase":[159],"potential,":[164],"reach":[166],"peak":[167],"its":[169],"trough,":[170],"attenuate":[173],"when":[174],"potential":[178],"rising":[180],"again.":[181],"A":[182],"significance":[183],"test":[184],"supports":[185],"hypothesis":[187],"that":[188,208],"anomalies":[191],"are":[192,239],"physically":[193],"related":[194],"earthquakes":[197],"rather":[198],"than":[199],"being":[200],"coincidences.":[201],"Based":[202],"these":[204],"results,":[205],"argue":[207],"change":[210],"could":[214],"reflect":[215],"stress":[217],"changes":[218],"modulated":[219],"under":[220],"force.":[223],"Moreover,":[224],"unlike":[225],"infrared":[228],"remote":[229],"sensing":[230],"data,":[231],"provided":[236],"NCEP":[238],"not":[240],"affected":[241],"clouds,":[243],"so":[244],"it":[245],"has":[246],"clear":[248],"advantage":[249],"monitoring":[251],"pre-earthquake":[253],"variation":[255],"cloudy":[257],"areas.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
