{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132161036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040788","title":"An In-Depth Assessment of the New BDS-3 B1C and B2a Signals","display_name":"An In-Depth Assessment of the New BDS-3 B1C and B2a Signals","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132161036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040788","mag":"3132161036"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13040788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040788","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/788/pdf?version=1613907694","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/788/pdf?version=1613907694","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090288575","display_name":"Qinghua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3578-3749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Defense Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, 1 Haifu Lane, Nanjing 210007, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Defense Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, 1 Haifu Lane, Nanjing 210007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112433911","display_name":"Yongxing Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongxing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi'an 710054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101643746","display_name":"Zhengsheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0628-3470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801618472","display_name":"PLA Rocket Force University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00gg5zj35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengsheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Operation Support, Rocket Force University of Engineering, 2 Tongxin Road, Xi\u2019an 710025, China","College of Operation Support, Rocket Force University of Engineering, 2 Tongxin Road, Xi'an 710025, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Operation Support, Rocket Force University of Engineering, 2 Tongxin Road, Xi\u2019an 710025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Operation Support, Rocket Force University of Engineering, 2 Tongxin Road, Xi'an 710025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112433911"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":26.2736,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99153925,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"788","last_page":"788"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasi-zenith-satellite-system","display_name":"Quasi-Zenith Satellite System","score":0.68841153383255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.541593074798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galileo","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","score":0.535807728767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.47582581639289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4648624360561371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4424835741519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geosynchronous-orbit","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","score":0.43828997015953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4052636921405792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3967675566673279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.33570486307144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2935025691986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2598414421081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.24696531891822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.1796560287475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.06978723406791687}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68477667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862327","display_name":"Quasi-Zenith Satellite System","level":5,"score":0.68841153383255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.541593074798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177219330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193902","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","level":2,"score":0.535807728767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.47582581639289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4648624360561371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4424835741519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94042562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472251","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","level":3,"score":0.43828997015953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4052636921405792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3967675566673279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33570486307144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2935025691986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2598414421081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.24696531891822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.1796560287475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.06978723406791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13040788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040788","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/788/pdf?version=1613907694","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f0cc9db6ec9844849e9ab2eb13839c1e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f0cc9db6ec9844849e9ab2eb13839c1e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4, p 788 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/4/788/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 4; Pages: 788","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13040788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040788","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/788/pdf?version=1613907694","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5433076412","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41604024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322542","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326985","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132161036.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132161036.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W231419832","https://openalex.org/W2001319221","https://openalex.org/W2092769840","https://openalex.org/W2092799757","https://openalex.org/W2109834218","https://openalex.org/W2153928168","https://openalex.org/W2265774878","https://openalex.org/W2607422644","https://openalex.org/W2625043143","https://openalex.org/W2793731304","https://openalex.org/W2799564786","https://openalex.org/W2799580356","https://openalex.org/W2801083352","https://openalex.org/W2802988807","https://openalex.org/W2898726493","https://openalex.org/W2919576603","https://openalex.org/W2920594953","https://openalex.org/W2940428346","https://openalex.org/W2949136199","https://openalex.org/W3035466976","https://openalex.org/W3037602457","https://openalex.org/W3093472120","https://openalex.org/W3094256908","https://openalex.org/W3115229227","https://openalex.org/W4254850660","https://openalex.org/W6760371298"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144008864","https://openalex.org/W2465712051","https://openalex.org/W2405568279","https://openalex.org/W2797341856","https://openalex.org/W422374163","https://openalex.org/W2325965825","https://openalex.org/W2744002784","https://openalex.org/W122806887","https://openalex.org/W2380603434","https://openalex.org/W1991203760"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"in-depth":[1],"and":[2,27,33,49,59,69,81,88,104,110,115,154,188,191,202,213],"comprehensive":[3],"assessment":[4],"of":[5,25,39,55,65,72,85,121,140,152,160,198],"new":[6,67],"observations":[7,30],"from":[8],"BDS-3":[9,56,73,185],"satellites":[10,54,193],"is":[11,125,135,144,156,171,175],"presented,":[12],"with":[13,76],"the":[14,18,23,66,77,82,98,122,136,195,207,221],"main":[15],"focus":[16],"on":[17],"Carrier-to-Noise":[19],"density":[20],"ratio":[21],"(C/N0),":[22],"quality":[24],"code":[26,114,137,201],"carrier":[28,116,150,180],"phase":[29,117,203],"for":[31,220],"B1C":[32,68,103,153,174],"B2a":[34,70,105,123,155],"signal.":[35],"The":[36,62,119,149,184],"signal":[37,108,124,199],"characteristics":[38],"geosynchronous":[40,45],"earth":[41,51],"orbit":[42,47,52],"(GEO),":[43],"inclined":[44],"satellite":[46,90,187],"(IGSO)":[48],"medium":[50],"(MEO)":[53],"were":[57,74,93],"grouped":[58],"compared,":[60],"respectively.":[61],"evaluation":[63,170],"results":[64,99],"signals":[71,80,84],"compared":[75,94],"previously":[78],"B1I/B2I/B3I":[79],"interoperable":[83,208],"GPS,":[86,189],"Galileo":[87],"quasi-zenith":[89],"system":[91],"(QZSS)":[92],"simultaneously.":[95],"As":[96],"expected,":[97],"clearly":[100],"show":[101],"that":[102,159],"have":[106,194],"better":[107,157],"strength":[109],"higher":[111,129,179],"accuracy,":[112],"including":[113],"observations.":[118],"C/N0":[120],"about":[126,176],"3":[127],"dB":[128],"than":[130,146,158,182],"other":[131],"signals.":[132],"One":[133],"exception":[134],"observation":[138,165,204],"accuracy":[139,205],"B3I,":[141],"which":[142,216],"value":[143],"less":[145],"0.15":[147],"m.":[148],"precision":[151,181],"B1I/B2I/B3I.":[161],"Despite":[162],"difference-in-difference":[163],"(DD)":[164],"quantity":[166],"or":[167],"zero-base":[168],"line":[169],"adopted,":[172],"while":[173],"0.3":[177],"mm":[178],"B2a.":[183],"MEO":[186],"Galileo,":[190],"QZSS":[192],"same":[196],"level":[197],"strength,":[200],"at":[206],"frequency,":[209],"namely":[210],"1575.42":[211],"MHz":[212,215],"1176.45":[214],"are":[217],"very":[218],"suitable":[219],"co-position":[222],"application.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
