{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132390940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040737","title":"Tomographic Performance of Multi-Static Radar Formations: Theory and Simulations","display_name":"Tomographic Performance of Multi-Static Radar Formations: Theory and Simulations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132390940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040737","mag":"3132390940"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13040737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040737","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/737/pdf?version=1613729193","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/737/pdf?version=1613729193","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082741960","display_name":"Ilg\u0131n \u015eeker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1739-2138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ilgin Seker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069711114","display_name":"Marco Lavalle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9858-6454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Lavalle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082741960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.7792,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93982492,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"737","last_page":"737"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.5698601007461548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5610527396202087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5039209723472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4985828399658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4687122702598572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.43114161491394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36750921607017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.25009238719940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23334071040153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1230851411819458}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.5698601007461548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5610527396202087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5039209723472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4985828399658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4687122702598572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.43114161491394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36750921607017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.25009238719940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23334071040153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1230851411819458}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13040737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040737","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/737/pdf?version=1613729193","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f0acea4338ba41cda322fc20c678487c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f0acea4338ba41cda322fc20c678487c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4, p 737 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/4/737/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 4; Pages: 737","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13040737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040737","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/737/pdf?version=1613729193","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3243198460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19-IIP19-0028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132390940.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132390940.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489333217","https://openalex.org/W1948371848","https://openalex.org/W1968218078","https://openalex.org/W1979575933","https://openalex.org/W1997614240","https://openalex.org/W2004364456","https://openalex.org/W2009707410","https://openalex.org/W2044127760","https://openalex.org/W2047029664","https://openalex.org/W2048289234","https://openalex.org/W2060645596","https://openalex.org/W2061577342","https://openalex.org/W2066218102","https://openalex.org/W2079299474","https://openalex.org/W2082306459","https://openalex.org/W2083228780","https://openalex.org/W2086011904","https://openalex.org/W2098900141","https://openalex.org/W2102845306","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2118005898","https://openalex.org/W2126582956","https://openalex.org/W2129206142","https://openalex.org/W2129789080","https://openalex.org/W2136855629","https://openalex.org/W2146328153","https://openalex.org/W2148610126","https://openalex.org/W2150272680","https://openalex.org/W2167811736","https://openalex.org/W2184829577","https://openalex.org/W2279616085","https://openalex.org/W2291553921","https://openalex.org/W2333074777","https://openalex.org/W2469600694","https://openalex.org/W2475771804","https://openalex.org/W2771072433","https://openalex.org/W2771826747","https://openalex.org/W2783667106","https://openalex.org/W2801366377","https://openalex.org/W2889563099","https://openalex.org/W2900666604","https://openalex.org/W2900848046","https://openalex.org/W2944840580","https://openalex.org/W2946525990","https://openalex.org/W2960037843","https://openalex.org/W2972674784","https://openalex.org/W2998613556","https://openalex.org/W2998858673","https://openalex.org/W3002173867","https://openalex.org/W3028228706","https://openalex.org/W3034796408","https://openalex.org/W3113020340","https://openalex.org/W6676939912","https://openalex.org/W6718512924","https://openalex.org/W6778283925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2483195039","https://openalex.org/W2048211457","https://openalex.org/W2281797687","https://openalex.org/W2358411735","https://openalex.org/W4250650723","https://openalex.org/W2611761074","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2068843146","https://openalex.org/W2462749609","https://openalex.org/W4252699458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3D":[0],"imaging":[1],"of":[2,17,54,107,133,158,173],"Earth\u2019s":[3],"surface":[4,179],"layers":[5],"(such":[6],"as":[7],"canopy,":[8],"sub-surface,":[9],"or":[10],"ice)":[11],"requires":[12,40],"not":[13],"just":[14],"the":[15,21,25,52,102,131,142,153,171],"penetration":[16],"radar":[18,43,56,95],"signal":[19],"into":[20],"medium,":[22],"but":[23],"also":[24],"ability":[26],"to":[27,127,169],"discriminate":[28],"multiple":[29,42],"scatterers":[30],"within":[31],"a":[32],"slant-range":[33],"and":[34,64,73,79,84,94,99,105,112,162,181],"azimuth":[35],"resolution":[36],"cell.":[37],"The":[38],"latter":[39],"having":[41],"channels":[44],"distributed":[45],"in":[46,147,156],"across-track":[47],"direction.":[48],"Here,":[49],"we":[50,139],"describe":[51],"theory":[53],"multi-static":[55,75,108],"tomography":[57],"with":[58,101,149],"emphasis":[59],"on":[60],"resolution,":[61],"SNR,":[62],"sidelobes,":[63],"nearest":[65],"ambiguity":[66],"location":[67],"vs.":[68],"platform":[69,117],"distribution,":[70],"observation":[71,88],"geometry,":[72],"different":[74],"modes.":[76],"Signal-based":[77],"1D":[78],"2D":[80],"simulations":[81],"are":[82,97,110,119,167],"developed":[83],"results":[85],"for":[86,115,177],"various":[87,116],"geometries,":[89],"target":[90],"distributions,":[91],"acquisition":[92],"modes,":[93],"parameters":[96],"shown":[98],"compared":[100,111],"theory.":[103],"Pros":[104],"cons":[106],"modes":[109,155],"discussed.":[113],"Results":[114],"formations":[118,176],"shown,":[120],"revealing":[121],"that":[122,141],"unequal":[123],"spacing":[124],"is":[125],"useful":[126],"suppress":[128],"ambiguities":[129],"at":[130],"cost":[132],"increased":[134],"multiplicative":[135],"noise.":[136],"In":[137],"particular,":[138],"demonstrate":[140],"multiple-input":[143],"multiple-output":[144],"(MIMO)":[145],"mode,":[146],"combination":[148],"nonlinear":[150],"spacing,":[151],"outperforms":[152],"other":[154],"terms":[157],"ambiguity,":[159],"sidelobe":[160],"levels,":[161],"noise":[163],"suppression.":[164],"These":[165],"findings":[166],"key":[168],"guiding":[170],"design":[172],"tomographic":[174],"SAR":[175],"accurate":[178],"topography":[180],"vegetation":[182],"mapping.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-02-26T06:29:33.603293","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}