{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3130602303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040720","title":"Extraction of Spectral Information from Airborne 3D Data for Assessment of Tree Species Proportions","display_name":"Extraction of Spectral Information from Airborne 3D Data for Assessment of Tree Species Proportions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3130602303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040720","mag":"3130602303"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13040720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040720","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/720/pdf?version=1613482870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/720/pdf?version=1613482870","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056259056","display_name":"Jonas Bohlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-5967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I298625061","display_name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02yy8x990","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Bohlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Ume\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076162871","display_name":"J\u00f6rgen Wallerman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-1447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I298625061","display_name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02yy8x990","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f6rgen Wallerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Ume\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009216756","display_name":"Johan E. S. Fransson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7913-8592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I298625061","display_name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02yy8x990","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johan E. S. Fransson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Ume\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009216756"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":1828,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1971},"fwci":0.0914,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37673199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"720","last_page":"720"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deciduous","display_name":"Deciduous","score":0.707660436630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.6448004245758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6415160298347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.6291224360466003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-inventory","display_name":"Forest inventory","score":0.5910366773605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5681034326553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photogrammetry","display_name":"Photogrammetry","score":0.474227637052536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taiga","display_name":"Taiga","score":0.46505460143089294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.44275227189064026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4269565939903259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-photography","display_name":"Aerial photography","score":0.4119578003883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-data","display_name":"Reference data","score":0.4103471040725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.379450261592865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.31946712732315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2722975015640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.26605159044265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.20420101284980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-management","display_name":"Forest management","score":0.16679012775421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.16471907496452332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.07937031984329224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33283694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131316","display_name":"Deciduous","level":2,"score":0.707660436630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.6448004245758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6415160298347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6291224360466003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147103442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423188","display_name":"Forest inventory","level":3,"score":0.5910366773605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5681034326553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117455697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190149","display_name":"Photogrammetry","level":2,"score":0.474227637052536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87621631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69564","display_name":"Taiga","level":2,"score":0.46505460143089294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.44275227189064026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4269565939903259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133214962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191839","display_name":"Aerial photography","level":2,"score":0.4119578003883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60478076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3036835","display_name":"Reference data","level":2,"score":0.4103471040725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.379450261592865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.31946712732315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2722975015640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.26605159044265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20420101284980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28631016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372561","display_name":"Forest management","level":2,"score":0.16679012775421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.16471907496452332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07937031984329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13040720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040720","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/720/pdf?version=1613482870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2a60a82e76974559839736de5d458329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2a60a82e76974559839736de5d458329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4, p 720 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/4/720/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:23250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402317","display_name":"Epsilon Open Archive (Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet biblioteket (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I298625061","host_organization_name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13040720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040720","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/720/pdf?version=1613482870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3130602303.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3130602303.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195810669","https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W1962001842","https://openalex.org/W1965597456","https://openalex.org/W1981527205","https://openalex.org/W1991576283","https://openalex.org/W1991691127","https://openalex.org/W1996263757","https://openalex.org/W1999601230","https://openalex.org/W2032101051","https://openalex.org/W2049763161","https://openalex.org/W2056280688","https://openalex.org/W2079443987","https://openalex.org/W2091084944","https://openalex.org/W2091939427","https://openalex.org/W2098742184","https://openalex.org/W2101244453","https://openalex.org/W2117248802","https://openalex.org/W2121721022","https://openalex.org/W2128135560","https://openalex.org/W2130464813","https://openalex.org/W2133160971","https://openalex.org/W2141466168","https://openalex.org/W2143709956","https://openalex.org/W2154984093","https://openalex.org/W2342810959","https://openalex.org/W2395179641","https://openalex.org/W2789410971","https://openalex.org/W2908054720","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2924496886","https://openalex.org/W2950005168","https://openalex.org/W3013515824","https://openalex.org/W3039498040","https://openalex.org/W3121566766","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W6610017368","https://openalex.org/W6780239097"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365572566","https://openalex.org/W2394068580","https://openalex.org/W2386046054","https://openalex.org/W608839663","https://openalex.org/W2372478594","https://openalex.org/W2083881216","https://openalex.org/W2058688210","https://openalex.org/W2989908756","https://openalex.org/W2904216738","https://openalex.org/W2051837164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,40,44,136,142,146,204,214],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,46,66,71,132,141,218],"photogrammetric":[5],"software":[6],"and":[7,13,22,43,75,88,109,149,183,195,200,228],"accessible":[8],"camera":[9],"technology,":[10],"land":[11],"surveys":[12],"other":[14],"mapping":[15],"organizations":[16],"now":[17],"provide":[18],"various":[19],"point":[20,41,106],"cloud":[21,42,107],"digital":[23],"surface":[24],"model":[25],"products":[26,74],"from":[27,105,153],"aerial":[28,72,190],"images,":[29],"often":[30],"including":[31],"spectral":[32,143,151],"information.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"study,":[36],"methods":[37],"for":[38,51,98,178,181,185,189,197,223,226,230],"colouring":[39,137],"importance":[45,148],"different":[47,68],"metrics":[48,144],"were":[49,81,96],"compared":[50],"tree":[52,85,163],"species-specific":[53,86,133,164,205],"estimates":[54],"at":[55,208],"a":[56,112],"coniferous":[57],"hemi-boreal":[58],"test":[59],"site":[60],"in":[61,111,129,216],"southern":[62],"Sweden.":[63],"A":[64],"total":[65],"three":[67],"data":[69,79,108,152],"sets":[70],"image-based":[73],"one":[76],"multi-spectral":[77,169],"lidar":[78,170],"set":[80],"used":[82,110],"to":[83],"estimate":[84],"proportion":[87,165],"stem":[89,206],"volume":[90,207],"using":[91,121,150,168,211],"an":[92],"area-based":[93],"approach.":[94],"Metrics":[95],"calculated":[97],"156":[99],"field":[100],"plots":[101],"(10":[102],"m":[103],"radius)":[104],"Random":[113],"Forest":[114],"analysis.":[115],"Plot":[116],"level":[117,210],"accuracy":[118,131],"was":[119,166,192,221],"evaluated":[120],"leave-one-out":[122],"cross-validation.":[123],"The":[124],"results":[125],"showed":[126],"small":[127],"differences":[128],"estimation":[130],"variables":[134],"between":[135],"methods.":[138],"Simple":[139],"averages":[140],"had":[145],"highest":[147],"two":[154],"seasons":[155],"improved":[156],"species":[157],"prediction,":[158],"especially":[159],"deciduous":[160],"proportion.":[161],"Best":[162],"estimated":[167],"with":[171],"0.22":[172,180],"root":[173],"mean":[174,220],"square":[175],"error":[176],"(RMSE)":[177],"pine,":[179,198,224],"spruce":[182,199,227],"0.16":[184],"deciduous.":[186,231],"Corresponding":[187],"RMSE":[188,215],"images":[191],"0.24,":[193],"0.23":[194],"0.20":[196],"deciduous,":[201],"respectively.":[202],"For":[203],"plot":[209],"image":[212],"data,":[213],"percent":[217],"surveyed":[219],"129%":[222],"60%":[225],"118%":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}