{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131203813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040679","title":"Sea State from Single Optical Images: A Methodology to Derive Wind-Generated Ocean Waves from Cameras, Drones and Satellites","display_name":"Sea State from Single Optical Images: A Methodology to Derive Wind-Generated Ocean Waves from Cameras, Drones and Satellites","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131203813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040679","mag":"3131203813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13040679","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040679","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/679/pdf?version=1656493596","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/679/pdf?version=1656493596","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071528944","display_name":"Rafa\u00ebl Almar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5842-658X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166444","display_name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement","ror":"https://ror.org/05q3vnk25","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112630","display_name":"Laboratoire d\u2019\u00c9tudes en G\u00e9ophysique et Oc\u00e9anographie Spatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/02chvqy57","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210112630","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4412460029"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17866349","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/004raaa70","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17866349"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Almar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire d\u2019Etudes en G\u00e9ophysique et Oc\u00e9anographie Spatiales\u2014LEGOS (CNRS-IRD-CNES-Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse), 31400 Toulouse, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire d\u2019Etudes en G\u00e9ophysique et Oc\u00e9anographie Spatiales\u2014LEGOS (CNRS-IRD-CNES-Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse), 31400 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112630","https://openalex.org/I17866349","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088319342","display_name":"Erwin W. J. Bergsma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7638-1108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801994115","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801994115"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erwin Bergsma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth Observation Lab, CNES (French Space Agency), 31400 Toulouse, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth Observation Lab, CNES (French Space Agency), 31400 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801994115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020237243","display_name":"Patricio A. Catal\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6567-5776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75778554","display_name":"Federico Santa Mar\u00eda Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05510vn56","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095567","display_name":"Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico de Valpara\u00edso","ror":"https://ror.org/00m0k5p91","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095567","https://openalex.org/I4210114779","https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricio Catalan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico de Valpara\u00edso (CCTVal), Valparaiso 2390123, Chile","Departamento de Obras Civiles, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Valparaiso 2390123, Chile"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico de Valpara\u00edso (CCTVal), Valparaiso 2390123, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095567"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Obras Civiles, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Valparaiso 2390123, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010957713","display_name":"Rodrigo Cienfuegos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5768-2477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165350","display_name":"Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgnvf25","country_code":"CL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162148367","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/04teye511","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162148367"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo Cienfuegos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Hidr\u00e1ulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile","Marine Energy Research and Innovation Centre (MERIC), Santiago 7550268, Chile","Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (CIGIDEN), ANID/FONDAP/15110017, Santiago 7820436, Chile"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Hidr\u00e1ulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162148367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Energy Research and Innovation Centre (MERIC), Santiago 7550268, Chile","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (CIGIDEN), ANID/FONDAP/15110017, Santiago 7820436, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037686868","display_name":"Leandro Suarez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-3290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162148367","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/04teye511","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162148367"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leandro Suarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Hidr\u00e1ulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile","Marine Energy Research and Innovation Centre (MERIC), Santiago 7550268, Chile"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Hidr\u00e1ulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162148367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Energy Research and Innovation Centre (MERIC), Santiago 7550268, Chile","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083292129","display_name":"Felipe Lucero","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162148367","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/04teye511","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162148367"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe Lucero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Hidr\u00e1ulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile","Marine Energy Research and Innovation Centre (MERIC), Santiago 7550268, Chile"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Hidr\u00e1ulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162148367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Energy Research and Innovation Centre (MERIC), Santiago 7550268, Chile","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034471025","display_name":"Alexandre Nicolae Lerma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-4925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158893","display_name":"Bureau de Recherches G\u00e9ologiques et Mini\u00e8res","ror":"https://ror.org/05hnb7x64","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158893"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Lerma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bureau de Recherches G\u00e9ologiques et Mini\u00e8res (BRGM), 33600 Pessac, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bureau de Recherches G\u00e9ologiques et Mini\u00e8res (BRGM), 33600 Pessac, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084460453","display_name":"Franck Desmazes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3859-5954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158893","display_name":"Bureau de Recherches G\u00e9ologiques et Mini\u00e8res","ror":"https://ror.org/05hnb7x64","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158893"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franck Desmazes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bureau de Recherches G\u00e9ologiques et Mini\u00e8res (BRGM), 33600 Pessac, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bureau de Recherches G\u00e9ologiques et Mini\u00e8res (BRGM), 33600 Pessac, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065745226","display_name":"Eleonora Perugini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0054-8458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","display_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleonora Perugini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of DICEA, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of DICEA, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052243984","display_name":"Margaret L. Palmsten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-2338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021168","display_name":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03d3nry68","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249","https://openalex.org/I4392021168"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75821886","display_name":"University of South Florida St. Petersburg","ror":"https://ror.org/016gp6x28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75821886"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret Palmsten","raw_affiliation_strings":["St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, USGS, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, USGS, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75821886","https://openalex.org/I4392021168"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091253986","display_name":"C. Chris Chickadel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0770-7725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138199","display_name":"University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03d17d270","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Chickadel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","University of Washington [Seattle] (Seattle, Washington 98105 - United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington [Seattle] (Seattle, Washington 98105 - United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071528944"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I17866349","https://openalex.org/I4210112630","https://openalex.org/I4210166444"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.9558,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9327028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"679","last_page":"679"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-state","display_name":"Sea state","score":0.7820514440536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6727038621902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.558774471282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-wave","display_name":"Wind wave","score":0.557651698589325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.5504457354545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5433309078216553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.512861967086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shore","display_name":"Shore","score":0.5000824928283691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4356900155544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-height","display_name":"Sea-surface height","score":0.4328318238258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3600534200668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.35761791467666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3399786949157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3244650959968567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altimeter","display_name":"Altimeter","score":0.27865535020828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1785859763622284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12533867359161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.12398794293403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12383127212524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.12361365556716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.11964517831802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08114880323410034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781147146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569795","display_name":"Sea state","level":2,"score":0.7820514440536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6727038621902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.558774471282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165082838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165848","display_name":"Wind wave","level":2,"score":0.557651698589325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.5504457354545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5433309078216553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.512861967086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152382732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468756","display_name":"Shore","level":2,"score":0.5000824928283691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4356900155544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142672198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7076157","display_name":"Sea-surface height","level":3,"score":0.4328318238258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3600534200668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.35761791467666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3399786949157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3244650959968567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17534553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197","display_name":"Altimeter","level":2,"score":0.27865535020828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1785859763622284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12533867359161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.12398794293403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12383127212524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.12361365556716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.11964517831802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08114880323410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13040679","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040679","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/679/pdf?version=1656493596","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03747514v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://brgm.hal.science/hal-03747514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922466","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, 2021, 13 (4), pp.679. ⟨10.3390/rs13040679⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2a5627837d5143b0bd61696ce800b420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2a5627837d5143b0bd61696ce800b420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4, p 679 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/4/679/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 4; Pages: 679","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13040679","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040679","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/679/pdf?version=1656493596","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131203813.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131203813.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673396041","https://openalex.org/W1683298234","https://openalex.org/W2030426198","https://openalex.org/W2054364708","https://openalex.org/W2149639401","https://openalex.org/W2167146464","https://openalex.org/W2172212599","https://openalex.org/W2569163765","https://openalex.org/W2583839606","https://openalex.org/W2790062324","https://openalex.org/W2936644502","https://openalex.org/W2956044892","https://openalex.org/W2960038053","https://openalex.org/W2963231293","https://openalex.org/W2967969599","https://openalex.org/W2969235408","https://openalex.org/W2983672157","https://openalex.org/W3000629123","https://openalex.org/W3029080546","https://openalex.org/W6748714341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1953017668","https://openalex.org/W2116354169","https://openalex.org/W2143079790","https://openalex.org/W3082592393","https://openalex.org/W590189493","https://openalex.org/W2076284570","https://openalex.org/W2008372148","https://openalex.org/W4292263289","https://openalex.org/W2179748522","https://openalex.org/W4322724461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sea":[0],"state":[1,13,37],"is":[2,14,131],"a":[3,29,40,78,113,142,150],"key":[4],"variable":[5],"in":[6,43,122],"ocean":[7,91,147],"and":[8,21,102,105],"coastal":[9],"dynamics.":[10],"The":[11,96,110],"sea":[12,36],"either":[15],"sparsely":[16],"measured":[17],"by":[18,89],"wave":[19,126],"buoys":[20],"satellites":[22],"or":[23,73],"modelled":[24],"over":[25],"large":[26,41],"scales.":[27],"Only":[28],"few":[30],"attempts":[31],"have":[32],"been":[33],"devoted":[34],"to":[35,81,124,133],"measurements":[38],"covering":[39],"domain;":[42],"particular":[44],"its":[45],"estimation":[46],"from":[47,61,93],"optical":[48,51,55,94],"images.":[49],"With":[50],"technologies":[52],"becoming":[53],"omnipresent,":[54],"images":[56,104],"offer":[57],"incomparable":[58],"spatial":[59],"resolution":[60],"diverse":[62],"sensors":[63],"such":[64],"as":[65],"shore-based":[66],"cameras,":[67],"airborne":[68],"drones":[69],"(unmanned":[70],"aerial":[71],"vehicles/UAVs),":[72],"satellites.":[74],"Here,":[75],"we":[76],"present":[77],"standalone":[79],"methodology":[80,97,140],"derive":[82],"the":[83,117,125,138],"water":[84],"surface":[85],"elevation":[86],"anomaly":[87],"induced":[88],"wind-generated":[90],"waves":[92,148],"imagery.":[95],"was":[98],"tested":[99],"on":[100,116],"drone":[101],"satellite":[103],"compared":[106],"against":[107],"ground":[108],"truth.":[109],"results":[111],"show":[112],"clear":[114],"dependence":[115],"relative":[118],"azimuth":[119],"view":[120],"angle":[121],"relation":[123],"crest.":[127],"A":[128],"simple":[129],"correction":[130],"proposed":[132],"overcome":[134],"this":[135],"bias.":[136],"Overall,":[137],"presented":[139],"offers":[141],"practical":[143],"way":[144],"of":[145,153],"estimating":[146],"for":[149],"wide":[151],"range":[152],"applications.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}