{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197945871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030428","title":"GNSS Receiver-Related Pseudorange Biases: Characteristics and Effects on Wide-Lane Ambiguity Resolution","display_name":"GNSS Receiver-Related Pseudorange Biases: Characteristics and Effects on Wide-Lane Ambiguity Resolution","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197945871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030428","mag":"3197945871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13030428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030428","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/3/428/pdf?version=1611660584","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/3/428/pdf?version=1611660584","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025241471","display_name":"Lingyue Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2872-2227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingyue Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100720950","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-4093"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Tracking and Communication Technology, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Tracking and Communication Technology, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101705110","display_name":"Jingnan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2614-9113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingnan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103905369","display_name":"Yifei Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9080-5086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifei Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037884145","display_name":"Tao Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5760-5666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5760-5666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101705110"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":5.3809,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95914026,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"428","last_page":"428"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorange","display_name":"Pseudorange","score":0.9961989521980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8444368243217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity-resolution","display_name":"Ambiguity resolution","score":0.6600440144538879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.6192801594734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galileo","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","score":0.6128363609313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.605032205581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5764129757881165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beidou-navigation-satellite-system","display_name":"BeiDou Navigation Satellite System","score":0.5654951333999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4857478737831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3581899404525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1746158003807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1531984806060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14476311206817627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174201072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187347","display_name":"Pseudorange","level":4,"score":0.9961989521980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8444368243217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777559092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4741445","display_name":"Ambiguity resolution","level":4,"score":0.6600440144538879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.6192801594734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177219330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193902","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","level":2,"score":0.6128363609313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.605032205581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5764129757881165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777783341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857141","display_name":"BeiDou Navigation Satellite System","level":4,"score":0.5654951333999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4857478737831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3581899404525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1746158003807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1531984806060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14476311206817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13030428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030428","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/3/428/pdf?version=1611660584","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:61f661669cc84fd2b3d98d532edf6d23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/61f661669cc84fd2b3d98d532edf6d23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 428 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/3/428/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13030428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13030428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030428","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/3/428/pdf?version=1611660584","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1056102084","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019CFA051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2481764690","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 41974036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5285786794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41674004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5681740999","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 41974036, 41674004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6277828030","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u661f\u95f4\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u5317\u6597\u5b9a\u8f68\u82e5\u5e72\u6a21\u578b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u7cbe\u5316\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41974036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7490115356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2019CFA051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197945871.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197945871.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W201719198","https://openalex.org/W1530637140","https://openalex.org/W1566411778","https://openalex.org/W1959140381","https://openalex.org/W2009210700","https://openalex.org/W2051864085","https://openalex.org/W2065210922","https://openalex.org/W2092799757","https://openalex.org/W2094280389","https://openalex.org/W2114500068","https://openalex.org/W2123995570","https://openalex.org/W2162813599","https://openalex.org/W2166443526","https://openalex.org/W2267340519","https://openalex.org/W2289024329","https://openalex.org/W2334273821","https://openalex.org/W2573739355","https://openalex.org/W2585351795","https://openalex.org/W2596428288","https://openalex.org/W2603775979","https://openalex.org/W2611388864","https://openalex.org/W2766818938","https://openalex.org/W2804699903","https://openalex.org/W2883778275","https://openalex.org/W2903143691","https://openalex.org/W2967053308","https://openalex.org/W2980100779","https://openalex.org/W2995909301","https://openalex.org/W3047470666","https://openalex.org/W4382765726","https://openalex.org/W6608118116","https://openalex.org/W6631605385","https://openalex.org/W6637227662","https://openalex.org/W6801027599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3128569746","https://openalex.org/W3160673456","https://openalex.org/W2393041500","https://openalex.org/W2967053308","https://openalex.org/W4229451083","https://openalex.org/W2893897417","https://openalex.org/W4388933735","https://openalex.org/W3007732755","https://openalex.org/W2912185115","https://openalex.org/W2958450125"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Satellite":[0],"chip":[1],"shape":[2],"distortions":[3],"lead":[4,26],"to":[5,15,27,53,100,129,148,186],"signal":[6],"tracking":[7],"errors":[8,209],"in":[9,215],"pseudorange":[10,21,59,97,116,143,157,164,189,227,255],"measurements,":[11],"which":[12],"are":[13,86,93,118,166,210,233,265],"related":[14],"the":[16,55,81,108,111,123,133,155,160,204,240,243,254,262],"receiver":[17,103,141],"manufacturers,":[18],"called":[19],"receiver-related":[20,58,188,226],"biases.":[22],"Such":[23],"biases":[24,60,98,117,144,165,221,228,256],"will":[25],"adverse":[28],"effects":[29],"for":[30,61,137,270],"differential":[31],"code":[32],"bias":[33],"(DCB)":[34],"and":[35,43,71,104,159,170,172,178,213,217,258,268,272],"satellite":[36,68,74],"clock":[37],"estimation,":[38],"single":[39],"point":[40,45],"positioning":[41,46,63,195],"(SPP)":[42],"precise":[44],"(PPP)":[47],"applications":[48],"with":[49,122,132,139,220,253],"pseudoranges.":[50],"In":[51,184],"order":[52,185],"assess":[54],"characteristics":[56],"of":[57,96,114,163,207,225,242,261],"global":[62],"system":[64,69,75],"(GPS),":[65],"Galileo":[66,153,173],"navigation":[67,73],"(Galileo)":[70],"BeiDou":[72],"(BDS),":[76],"seven":[77],"short":[78,198],"baselines":[79,109,138],"from":[80],"Multi-GNSS":[82],"experiment":[83],"(MGEX)":[84],"network":[85],"tested.":[87],"The":[88,200,223,236],"results":[89,201,237],"demonstrate":[90],"that":[91,203,239],"there":[92],"significant":[94],"inconsistences":[95,162],"according":[99],"satellites,":[101],"frequencies,":[102],"antenna":[105],"types.":[106],"For":[107],"using":[110,197],"same":[112,124],"receivers":[113],"TRIMBLE,":[115],"within":[119,246],"\u00b10.2":[120],"ns":[121,131],"antennas,":[125],"while":[126],"they":[127],"increase":[128,252],"\u00b10.6":[130],"different":[134],"antennas.":[135],"As":[136],"mixed":[140],"types,":[142],"can":[145],"reach":[146],"up":[147],"2.5":[149],"ns.":[150],"Among":[151],"GPS/Galileo/BDS,":[152],"shows":[154],"smallest":[156],"biases,":[158,190],"obvious":[161,251],"observed":[167],"between":[168],"BDS-2":[169],"BDS-3,":[171],"in-orbit":[174],"validation":[175],"(IOV)":[176],"satellites":[177],"full":[179],"operational":[180],"configuration":[181],"(FOC)":[182],"satellites.":[183],"validate":[187],"we":[191],"carry":[192],"out":[193],"relative":[194],"experiments":[196],"baselines.":[199],"show":[202],"RMS":[205,259],"values":[206,260],"position":[208],"reduced":[211,266],"12.6%":[212],"11.4%":[214],"horizontal":[216],"vertical":[218],"components":[219],"correction.":[222],"impacts":[224],"on":[229],"wide-lane":[230],"(WL)":[231],"ambiguity":[232],"also":[234],"discussed.":[235],"indicate":[238],"percentage":[241],"fractional":[244,263],"parts":[245,264],"\u00b10.1":[247],"cycles":[248],"have":[249],"an":[250],"correction,":[257],"28.9%":[267],"67.6%":[269],"GPS":[271],"BDS,":[273],"respectively.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
