{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3123837614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030401","title":"Corn Nitrogen Status Diagnosis with an Innovative Multi-Parameter Crop Circle Phenom Sensing System","display_name":"Corn Nitrogen Status Diagnosis with an Innovative Multi-Parameter Crop Circle Phenom Sensing System","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3123837614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030401","mag":"3123837614"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13030401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030401","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/3/401/pdf?version=1611542728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/3/401/pdf?version=1611542728","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037417734","display_name":"Cadan Cummings","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1318-0568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cadan Cummings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Agriculture Center, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Agriculture Center, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014540441","display_name":"Yuxin Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8419-6511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Agriculture Center, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8419-6511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Agriculture Center, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090309258","display_name":"Gabriel Dias Paiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8562-4506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Dias Paiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Agriculture Center, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Agriculture Center, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113212875","display_name":"S.K. Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shujiang Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Agriculture Center, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Agriculture Center, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006924795","display_name":"Fabi\u00e1n G. Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9539-0050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabi\u00e1n G. Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Agriculture Center, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9539-0050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Agriculture Center, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014540441"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.0711,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95456553,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"401","last_page":"401"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tillage","display_name":"Tillage","score":0.6017786860466003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.48941364884376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growing-season","display_name":"Growing season","score":0.48751136660575867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4590844213962555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.44536957144737244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drainage","display_name":"Drainage","score":0.4452809989452362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.44290637969970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop","display_name":"Crop","score":0.4261023700237274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.4233618676662445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.37544524669647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.3744756579399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.35316258668899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.3357335925102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.11374309659004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.09804069995880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.09644433856010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07816201448440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07220309972763062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16397148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878333","display_name":"Tillage","level":2,"score":0.6017786860466003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.48941364884376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732240","display_name":"Growing season","level":2,"score":0.48751136660575867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4590844213962555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.44536957144737244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67592535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7481320","display_name":"Drainage","level":2,"score":0.4452809989452362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.44290637969970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.4261023700237274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.4233618676662445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.37544524669647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.3744756579399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.35316258668899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.3357335925102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.11374309659004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09804069995880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09644433856010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07816201448440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07220309972763062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13030401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030401","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/3/401/pdf?version=1611542728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b919260570014d2d8c04c73c846d28cf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b919260570014d2d8c04c73c846d28cf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 401 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/3/401/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13030401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13030401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030401","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/3/401/pdf?version=1611542728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2000884450","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AFREC R2018-25, R2019-20 and R2020-32","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308162","funder_display_name":"Minnesota Department of Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2945455599","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"project 00071830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316798","funder_display_name":"Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8100438703","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1016571","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8762064440","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00071830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316798","funder_display_name":"Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308162","display_name":"Minnesota Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/02rxnmn30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316798","display_name":"Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/05qx3fv49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3123837614.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3123837614.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W221019484","https://openalex.org/W1662323679","https://openalex.org/W1871833115","https://openalex.org/W1973547044","https://openalex.org/W1977043922","https://openalex.org/W1978331315","https://openalex.org/W1992925847","https://openalex.org/W2008988680","https://openalex.org/W2013490478","https://openalex.org/W2020507698","https://openalex.org/W2024927745","https://openalex.org/W2037540512","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2062567499","https://openalex.org/W2070559755","https://openalex.org/W2076532457","https://openalex.org/W2079002196","https://openalex.org/W2079842406","https://openalex.org/W2081734510","https://openalex.org/W2089441588","https://openalex.org/W2091473030","https://openalex.org/W2095306939","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2113283209","https://openalex.org/W2139244996","https://openalex.org/W2150202143","https://openalex.org/W2154083639","https://openalex.org/W2160155099","https://openalex.org/W2162191100","https://openalex.org/W2162361113","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2176590475","https://openalex.org/W2235355517","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2443804763","https://openalex.org/W2482727655","https://openalex.org/W2500826400","https://openalex.org/W2524050113","https://openalex.org/W2550073846","https://openalex.org/W2741850261","https://openalex.org/W2758716400","https://openalex.org/W2765561672","https://openalex.org/W2782677653","https://openalex.org/W2794916302","https://openalex.org/W2805142011","https://openalex.org/W2891621472","https://openalex.org/W2903662845","https://openalex.org/W2966681365","https://openalex.org/W2979808028","https://openalex.org/W2989983865","https://openalex.org/W3000369451","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3016219958","https://openalex.org/W3103145119","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6683341316","https://openalex.org/W6685771683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377212262","https://openalex.org/W4327748155","https://openalex.org/W2955967599","https://openalex.org/W2549050738","https://openalex.org/W4387208895","https://openalex.org/W1594879216","https://openalex.org/W2388815296","https://openalex.org/W2360471910","https://openalex.org/W2996115036","https://openalex.org/W3096013024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"and":[1,60,92,123,139,156,164,169,220,266,268,279,301,310,314,346,366,405,414,444],"non-destructive":[2],"in-season":[3,79,107,422],"crop":[4],"nitrogen":[5],"(N)":[6],"status":[7,87,109,214,293],"diagnosis":[8,80,423],"is":[9,41,417],"important":[10,396],"for":[11,33,49,78,333,375,399,421],"the":[12,54,137,140,183,287,297,311,379,394],"success":[13],"of":[14,65,81,111,296,360,378,424],"precision":[15],"N":[16,86,97,108,116,120,124,171,213,292,382,426],"management":[17,364,397,415],"(PNM).":[18],"Several":[19],"active":[20,263],"canopy":[21,243,256,267],"sensors":[22],"(ACS)":[23],"with":[24,53,144,152,385],"two":[25],"or":[26],"three":[27],"spectral":[28],"wavebands":[29],"have":[30],"been":[31],"used":[32,104,206,318],"this":[34,66,71,435],"purpose.":[35],"The":[36,63,100,226,322,390],"Crop":[37,73,186,367,409],"Circle":[38,74,187,368,410],"Phenom":[39,75,188,369,411],"sensor":[40,203,227,412],"a":[42,145,418],"new":[43,436],"integrated":[44,437],"multi-parameter":[45,72],"proximal":[46],"ACS":[47],"system":[48,77,439],"in-field":[50],"plant":[51,102,115,119,193,381],"phenomics":[52],"capability":[55],"to":[56,69,105,175,207,211,285,337,403,432,445],"measure":[57],"reflectance,":[58],"structural,":[59],"climatic":[61],"attributes.":[62],"objective":[64],"study":[67],"was":[68,131,393],"evaluate":[70,434],"sensing":[76,388,438],"corn":[82,291,425],"(Zea":[83],"mays":[84],"L.)":[85],"across":[88],"different":[89,358],"soil":[90,153],"drainage":[91,154,404],"tillage":[93,161,406],"systems":[94],"under":[95,440],"variable":[96],"supply":[98],"conditions.":[99],"four":[101,150,298,380],"metrics":[103,204,383],"approximate":[106],"consist":[110],"aboveground":[112],"biomass":[113],"(AGB),":[114],"concentration":[117],"(PNC),":[118],"uptake":[121],"(PNU),":[122],"nutrition":[125],"index":[126,235,250,254,259],"(NNI).":[127],"A":[128],"field":[129],"experiment":[130],"conducted":[132],"in":[133,177,290],"Wells,":[134],"Minnesota":[135],"during":[136],"2018":[138],"2019":[141],"growing":[142],"seasons":[143],"split-split":[146,184],"plot":[147],"design":[148],"replicated":[149,299],"times":[151],"(drained":[155],"undrained)":[157],"as":[158,166,182,276,307,319],"main":[159],"block,":[160],"(conventional,":[162],"no-till,":[163],"strip-till)":[165],"split":[167],"plot,":[168],"pre-plant":[170],"(PPN)":[172],"rate":[173,281,392],"(0":[174],"225":[176],"45":[178],"kg":[179],"ha\u22121":[180],"increment)":[181],"plot.":[185],"measurements":[189,370],"alongside":[190],"destructive":[191],"whole":[192],"samples":[194],"were":[195,205,282,304,317],"collected":[196],"at":[197],"V8":[198],"+/\u22121":[199],"growth":[200],"stage.":[201],"Proximal":[202],"construct":[208],"regression":[209,218],"models":[210,401],"estimate":[212],"indicators":[215],"using":[216,328,387],"simple":[217],"(SR)":[219],"eXtreme":[221],"Gradient":[222],"Boosting":[223],"(XGB)":[224],"models.":[225,450],"derived":[228],"indices":[229],"tested":[230],"included":[231,284],"normalized":[232,237],"difference":[233,238,271],"vegetation":[234,253],"(NDVI),":[236],"red":[239],"edge":[240],"(NDRE),":[241],"estimated":[242,247],"chlorophyll":[244,257],"content":[245,258],"(eCCC),":[246],"leaf":[248],"area":[249],"(eLAI),":[251],"ratio":[252],"(RVI),":[255],"(CCCI),":[260],"fractional":[261],"photosynthetically":[262],"radiation":[264],"(fPAR),":[265],"air":[269],"temperature":[270],"(\u0394Temp).":[272],"Management":[273],"practices":[274],"such":[275],"drainage,":[277],"tillage,":[278],"PPN":[280,391],"also":[283],"determine":[286],"potential":[288],"improvement":[289],"diagnosis.":[294],"Three":[295],"drained":[300,313],"undrained":[302,315],"blocks":[303,316],"randomly":[305],"selected":[306],"training":[308],"data,":[309],"remaining":[312],"testing":[320],"data.":[321,389],"results":[323],"indicated":[324],"that":[325],"SR":[326],"modeling":[327,352],"NDVI":[329],"would":[330],"be":[331],"sufficient":[332],"estimating":[334],"AGB":[335],"compared":[336,384,402],"more":[338],"complex":[339],"machine":[340,448],"learning":[341,449],"methods.":[342],"Conversely,":[343],"PNC,":[344],"PNU,":[345],"NNI":[347],"all":[348,400],"benefitted":[349],"from":[350],"XGB":[351,361],"based":[353],"on":[354],"multiple":[355],"inputs.":[356],"Among":[357],"approaches":[359],"modeling,":[362],"combining":[363],"information":[365,416],"together":[371],"increased":[372],"model":[373],"performance":[374],"predicting":[376],"each":[377],"solely":[386],"most":[395],"metric":[398],"information.":[407],"Combining":[408],"parameters":[413],"promising":[419],"strategy":[420],"status.":[427],"More":[428],"studies":[429],"are":[430],"needed":[431],"further":[433],"diverse":[441],"on-farm":[442],"conditions":[443],"test":[446],"other":[447]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}