{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3124557374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030393","title":"Forest Road Detection Using LiDAR Data and Hybrid Classification","display_name":"Forest Road Detection Using LiDAR Data and Hybrid Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3124557374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030393","mag":"3124557374"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13030393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030393","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/3/393/pdf?version=1611733390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/3/393/pdf?version=1611733390","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006509271","display_name":"Sandra Buj\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1956-0078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Buj\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":["GI-1934 TB\u2014LaboraTe, Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Agroforestal and IBADER, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Escola Polit\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GI-1934 TB\u2014LaboraTe, Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Agroforestal and IBADER, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Escola Polit\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051245003","display_name":"Juan Guerra-Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3518-2978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Guerra-Hern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["3edata, Centro de Iniciativas Empresariais, Fundaci\u00f3n CEL, O Palomar s/n, 27004 Lugo, Spain","Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3edata, Centro de Iniciativas Empresariais, Fundaci\u00f3n CEL, O Palomar s/n, 27004 Lugo, Spain","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028111817","display_name":"Eduardo Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Ferreiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4565-2155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8833935","display_name":"Universidad de Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02tzt0b78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Gonz\u00e1lez-Ferreiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["GI-202-GEOINCA, Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Minera, Topograf\u00eda y de Estructuras, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, Av. Astorga, 15, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GI-202-GEOINCA, Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Minera, Topograf\u00eda y de Estructuras, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, Av. Astorga, 15, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010869281","display_name":"David Miranda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9349-0904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Miranda","raw_affiliation_strings":["GI-1934 TB\u2014LaboraTe, Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Agroforestal and IBADER, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Escola Polit\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GI-1934 TB\u2014LaboraTe, Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Agroforestal and IBADER, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Escola Polit\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006509271"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.0573,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85024247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"393","last_page":"393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7629023790359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6184874773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5569131374359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4728189706802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.45185887813568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.43729543685913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4271393120288849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4270247220993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadastre","display_name":"Cadastre","score":0.4103701710700989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.40960219502449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.31724363565444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.29399561882019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.2932056188583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21930745244026184}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7629023790359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6184874773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5569131374359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4728189706802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.45185887813568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.43729543685913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4271393120288849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4270247220993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134207755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191072","display_name":"Cadastre","level":2,"score":0.4103701710700989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40960219502449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.31724363565444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.29399561882019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.2932056188583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21930745244026184}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13030393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030393","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/3/393/pdf?version=1611733390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.ulisboa.pt:10400.5/21359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401074","display_name":"Reposit\u00f3rio da Universidade de Lisboa (University of Lisbon)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","host_organization_name":"University of Lisbon","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:buleria.unileon.es:10612/18654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10612/18654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401642","display_name":"Buleria (Universidad de Le\u00f3n)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169046204","host_organization_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169046204"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e69ac1b4d2a049569127f63cee5947bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e69ac1b4d2a049569127f63cee5947bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 393 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/3/393/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13030393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 3; Pages: 393","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:minerva.usc.es:10347/24457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10347/24457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400376","display_name":"Repositorio institucional da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (University of Santiago de Compostela)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","host_organization_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13030393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030393","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/3/393/pdf?version=1611733390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8271783771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-111154RB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3124557374.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3124557374.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66244839","https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W424735567","https://openalex.org/W1554217546","https://openalex.org/W1875061881","https://openalex.org/W1969025933","https://openalex.org/W1972023946","https://openalex.org/W1990653740","https://openalex.org/W1991129553","https://openalex.org/W1992874035","https://openalex.org/W2001014393","https://openalex.org/W2007612874","https://openalex.org/W2010062112","https://openalex.org/W2010549013","https://openalex.org/W2011500029","https://openalex.org/W2016421272","https://openalex.org/W2016806887","https://openalex.org/W2017256893","https://openalex.org/W2021314208","https://openalex.org/W2026206849","https://openalex.org/W2029597490","https://openalex.org/W2037282532","https://openalex.org/W2039067795","https://openalex.org/W2047185150","https://openalex.org/W2063273970","https://openalex.org/W2069976599","https://openalex.org/W2081889060","https://openalex.org/W2082691405","https://openalex.org/W2086103748","https://openalex.org/W2086461898","https://openalex.org/W2088625884","https://openalex.org/W2092114993","https://openalex.org/W2096666883","https://openalex.org/W2104803300","https://openalex.org/W2104896032","https://openalex.org/W2113551198","https://openalex.org/W2114228414","https://openalex.org/W2114828048","https://openalex.org/W2117966692","https://openalex.org/W2122798004","https://openalex.org/W2123822317","https://openalex.org/W2133785052","https://openalex.org/W2138916851","https://openalex.org/W2141059100","https://openalex.org/W2146958094","https://openalex.org/W2149788694","https://openalex.org/W2166375892","https://openalex.org/W2167753478","https://openalex.org/W2212699679","https://openalex.org/W2215238821","https://openalex.org/W2225030682","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2299687570","https://openalex.org/W2325115425","https://openalex.org/W2334845011","https://openalex.org/W2336666075","https://openalex.org/W2395811491","https://openalex.org/W2506295309","https://openalex.org/W2507973586","https://openalex.org/W2521450519","https://openalex.org/W2559724670","https://openalex.org/W2582672248","https://openalex.org/W2582766772","https://openalex.org/W2592433582","https://openalex.org/W2606520626","https://openalex.org/W2611992095","https://openalex.org/W2724542434","https://openalex.org/W2742967775","https://openalex.org/W2768221504","https://openalex.org/W2783670427","https://openalex.org/W2803457790","https://openalex.org/W2886645875","https://openalex.org/W2890554434","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2921476973","https://openalex.org/W2954339293","https://openalex.org/W2966089644","https://openalex.org/W2979623305","https://openalex.org/W2981849677","https://openalex.org/W2995090317","https://openalex.org/W2999479658","https://openalex.org/W3013423805","https://openalex.org/W3022960970","https://openalex.org/W3037296254","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4300889351","https://openalex.org/W6610017368","https://openalex.org/W6660269513","https://openalex.org/W6667647108","https://openalex.org/W6681321817","https://openalex.org/W6684497140","https://openalex.org/W6703178736","https://openalex.org/W6711850960","https://openalex.org/W6724948617","https://openalex.org/W6734756883","https://openalex.org/W6771831650","https://openalex.org/W7019597092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361566382","https://openalex.org/W2114233742","https://openalex.org/W1562347873","https://openalex.org/W4247263692","https://openalex.org/W1899898439","https://openalex.org/W4366990902","https://openalex.org/W4317732970","https://openalex.org/W4388550696","https://openalex.org/W4321636153","https://openalex.org/W4313289487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"about":[1],"forest":[2,9,36,164],"road":[3,66,160],"networks":[4],"is":[5,83,178],"essential":[6],"for":[7,31,62],"sustainable":[8],"management":[10,165],"and":[11,34,42,64],"fire":[12],"management.":[13],"The":[14,80,99,154],"aim":[15],"of":[16,24,107,114],"this":[17,49],"study":[18],"was":[19,60,69],"to":[20,151,162,169],"assess":[21],"the":[22,72,76,135,138,145,174],"accuracy":[23,105],"a":[25,51,65,86,110],"new":[26],"hierarchical-hybrid":[27],"classification":[28,121,139,172],"tool":[29,82],"(HyClass)":[30],"mapping":[32,161],"paved":[33],"unpaved":[35],"roads":[37],"with":[38,96,109,134],"LiDAR":[39,175],"data.":[40,79],"Bare-earth":[41],"low-lying":[43],"vegetation":[44],"were":[45],"also":[46],"identified.":[47],"For":[48],"purpose,":[50],"rural":[52],"landscape":[53],"(area":[54],"70":[55],"ha)":[56],"in":[57],"northwestern":[58],"Spain":[59],"selected":[61],"study,":[63],"network":[67],"map":[68],"extracted":[70],"from":[71,149],"cadastral":[73],"maps":[74],"as":[75,166],"ground":[77],"truth":[78],"HyClass":[81,136],"based":[84],"on":[85],"decision":[87,97],"tree":[88],"which":[89],"integrates":[90],"segmentation":[91],"processes":[92],"at":[93],"local":[94],"scale":[95],"rules.":[98],"proposed":[100,155],"approach":[101],"yielded":[102],"an":[103,117,167],"overall":[104],"(OA)":[106],"96.5%,":[108],"confidence":[111],"interval":[112],"(CI)":[113],"94.0\u201397.6%,":[115],"representing":[116],"improvement":[118],"over":[119],"pixel-based":[120,170],"(OA":[122],"=":[123,126],"87.0%,":[124],"CI":[125],"83.7\u201389.8%)":[127],"using":[128],"Random":[129],"Forest":[130],"(RF).":[131],"In":[132],"addition,":[133],"tool,":[137],"precision":[140],"varied":[141],"significantly":[142],"after":[143],"reducing":[144],"original":[146],"point":[147,176],"density":[148,177],"8.7":[150],"1":[152,181],"point/m2.":[153,182],"method":[156],"can":[157],"provide":[158],"accurate":[159],"support":[163],"alternative":[168],"RF":[171],"when":[173],"higher":[179],"than":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}