{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3123725722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020253","title":"Characteristics of the Global Radio Frequency Interference in the Protected Portion of L-Band","display_name":"Characteristics of the Global Radio Frequency Interference in the Protected Portion of L-Band","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3123725722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020253","mag":"3123725722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13020253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020253","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/253/pdf?version=1610611491","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/253/pdf?version=1610611491","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061239916","display_name":"Mustafa Aksoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5452-1862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113508548","display_name":"Albany State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vme4277","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113508548"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Aksoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University at Albany\u2014State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University at Albany\u2014State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113508548","https://openalex.org/I392282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010587733","display_name":"Hamid Rajabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-5619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156087764","display_name":"University of California, Merced","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9ah105","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Rajabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056149340","display_name":"Pranjal Atrey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113508548","display_name":"Albany State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vme4277","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113508548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranjal Atrey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University at Albany\u2014State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University at Albany\u2014State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113508548","https://openalex.org/I392282"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006735915","display_name":"Imara Mohamed Nazar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0550-2838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113508548","display_name":"Albany State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vme4277","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113508548"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imara Mohamed Nazar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University at Albany\u2014State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University at Albany\u2014State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113508548","https://openalex.org/I392282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061239916"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113508548","https://openalex.org/I392282"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.4551,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57665789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"253","last_page":"253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-interference","display_name":"Electromagnetic interference","score":0.6562487483024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6160871386528015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5584304332733154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.5371831655502319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5028076171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectrum","display_name":"Radio spectrum","score":0.48863083124160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center-frequency","display_name":"Center frequency","score":0.4617118835449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4518071413040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-band","display_name":"Frequency band","score":0.44981107115745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2776259779930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2164251208305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.19235113263130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1331063210964203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-pass-filter","display_name":"Band-pass filter","score":0.12856432795524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.09914565086364746}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184892835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474513","display_name":"Electromagnetic interference","level":2,"score":0.6562487483024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6160871386528015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5584304332733154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.5371831655502319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5028076171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.48863083124160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7054721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940572","display_name":"Center frequency","level":3,"score":0.4617118835449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4518071413040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110567","display_name":"Frequency band","level":3,"score":0.44981107115745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2776259779930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2164251208305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19235113263130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1331063210964203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147788027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2718101","display_name":"Band-pass filter","level":2,"score":0.12856432795524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.09914565086364746}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13020253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020253","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/253/pdf?version=1610611491","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu:ece_fac_scholar-1000","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/ece_fac_scholar/2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196508","display_name":"Scholars Archive - University at Albany (University at Albany, State University of New York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I392282","host_organization_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Scholarship","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1c9c4e881c8246659a1747fc376977ae","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1c9c4e881c8246659a1747fc376977ae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 253 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/2/253/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 2; Pages: 253","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13020253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020253","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/253/pdf?version=1610611491","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3123725722.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3123725722.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480720168","https://openalex.org/W1538014708","https://openalex.org/W1969558963","https://openalex.org/W1976228884","https://openalex.org/W2012063119","https://openalex.org/W2016788152","https://openalex.org/W2018024225","https://openalex.org/W2026618660","https://openalex.org/W2038608144","https://openalex.org/W2054023067","https://openalex.org/W2077252525","https://openalex.org/W2083123250","https://openalex.org/W2088491392","https://openalex.org/W2101322596","https://openalex.org/W2108591274","https://openalex.org/W2111078096","https://openalex.org/W2116114120","https://openalex.org/W2128927037","https://openalex.org/W2132549823","https://openalex.org/W2151225346","https://openalex.org/W2158953758","https://openalex.org/W2463813909","https://openalex.org/W2496543195","https://openalex.org/W2547957756","https://openalex.org/W2552713861","https://openalex.org/W2581526831","https://openalex.org/W2901820393","https://openalex.org/W2922027847","https://openalex.org/W2938206409","https://openalex.org/W2988162558","https://openalex.org/W4238640048"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2318371651","https://openalex.org/W2167191334","https://openalex.org/W3109219622","https://openalex.org/W2242588284","https://openalex.org/W2039333493","https://openalex.org/W2776062836","https://openalex.org/W4385282352","https://openalex.org/W2766891017","https://openalex.org/W3199841937","https://openalex.org/W2396592261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,103],"National":[1],"Aeronautics":[2],"and":[3,36,40,53,74,77,86,93,106,122,125,144,146,157,169,175,250],"Space":[4],"Administration\u2019s":[5],"(NASA\u2019s)":[6],"Soil":[7],"Moisture":[8],"Active\u2013Passive":[9],"(SMAP)":[10],"radiometer":[11],"has":[12,150,212],"been":[13,98,113,152,199,213,237],"providing":[14],"geolocated":[15],"power":[16],"moments":[17],"measured":[18],"within":[19,252],"a":[20],"24":[21],"MHz":[22,38,121,134,168,204,255],"band":[23],"in":[24,62,88,135,189],"the":[25,57,63,101,126,141,155,190,220,223,253],"protected":[26,64,191,224],"portion":[27,65,192,225],"of":[28,56,66,79,108,159,193,222],"L-band,":[29,194],"i.e.,":[30],"1400\u20131424":[31,254],"MHz,":[32],"with":[33,138],"1.2":[34],"ms":[35],"1.5":[37,203],"time":[39],"frequency":[41,59],"resolutions,":[42],"as":[43,164,166,228,231,247],"its":[44,232],"Level":[45,70],"1A":[46,71],"data.":[47,72],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"presents":[50],"important":[51],"spectral":[52],"temporal":[54],"properties":[55,90,245],"radio":[58],"interference":[60],"(RFI)":[61],"L-band":[67],"using":[68],"SMAP":[69,205],"Maximum":[73],"average":[75,82,104,127],"bandwidth":[76,105,156],"duration":[78,107,158,251],"RFI":[80,110,160,187,196,229,244],"signals,":[81],"RFI-free":[83,128],"spectrum":[84,129],"availability,":[85],"variations":[87],"such":[89,246],"between":[91,173],"ascending":[92,174],"descending":[94,176],"satellite":[95],"orbits":[96,177],"have":[97,112,198,236],"reported":[99],"across":[100],"world.":[102],"individual":[109,202],"sources":[111],"found":[114],"to":[115,182,186,201,208,217],"be":[116,227],"usually":[117],"less":[118],"than":[119,132],"4.5":[120],"4.8":[123],"ms;":[124],"is":[130],"larger":[131],"20":[133],"most":[136],"regions":[137],"exceptions":[139],"over":[140,178],"Middle":[142],"East":[143],"Central":[145],"Eastern":[147],"Asia.":[148],"It":[149,211],"also":[151],"shown":[153],"that,":[154,215],"signals":[161,197],"can":[162,226],"vary":[163],"much":[165],"10":[167,170],"ms,":[171],"respectively,":[172],"certain":[179],"locations.":[180],"Furthermore,":[181],"identify":[183],"frequencies":[184],"susceptible":[185],"contamination":[188],"observed":[195],"assigned":[200],"channels":[206],"according":[207],"their":[209],"frequencies.":[210],"demonstrated":[214],"contrary":[216],"common":[218],"perception,":[219],"center":[221],"contaminated":[230],"edges.":[233],"Finally,":[234],"there":[235],"no":[238],"significant":[239],"correlations":[240],"noted":[241],"among":[242],"different":[243],"amplitude,":[248],"bandwidth,":[249],"band.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}