{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3119957808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020236","title":"A New Machine Learning Approach in Detecting the Oil Palm Plantations Using Remote Sensing Data","display_name":"A New Machine Learning Approach in Detecting the Oil Palm Plantations Using Remote Sensing Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3119957808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020236","mag":"3119957808"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13020236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020236","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/236/pdf?version=1610440742","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/236/pdf?version=1610440742","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103038538","display_name":"Kaibin Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4510145","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0t9252","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaibin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China","Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018568097","display_name":"Jing Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3279-6520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103115","display_name":"Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ev928","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210103115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China","State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103115","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002370349","display_name":"Zengyun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4259-9141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101675","display_name":"Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2dta10","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101675","https://openalex.org/I4210103115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103115","display_name":"Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ev928","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210103115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zengyun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China","Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China","State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101675"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103115","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091860187","display_name":"Zheng Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0173-663X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054016437","display_name":"Chaoliang Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101675","display_name":"Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2dta10","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101675","https://openalex.org/I4210103115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103115","display_name":"Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ev928","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210103115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoliang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China","Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China","State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101675"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103115","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362078","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3108-6735"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["TripleSAI Technology, Shenzhen 518109, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TripleSAI Technology, Shenzhen 518109, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101947154","display_name":"Jiayu Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055220987","display_name":"Shujie Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shujie Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060453734","display_name":"Xiuwei Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7531-8131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103115","display_name":"Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ev928","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210103115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuwei Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China","State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103115","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018568097"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210103115","https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.5428,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94590128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"236","last_page":"236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12703","display_name":"Oil Palm Production and Sustainability","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12703","display_name":"Oil Palm Production and Sustainability","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6890167593955994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.6084761619567871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5883508324623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.548180341720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palm","display_name":"Palm","score":0.5045965909957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.413520872592926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31172245740890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13511523604393005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6890167593955994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6084761619567871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5883508324623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.548180341720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94598645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2347874","display_name":"Palm","level":2,"score":0.5045965909957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.413520872592926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31172245740890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13511523604393005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13020236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020236","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/236/pdf?version=1610440742","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:485a98b97ff2490aa5e53dd27d986633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/485a98b97ff2490aa5e53dd27d986633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 236 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:6d2ed3e1-0a9b-48fb-8e1f-0a775c81d7a0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/6d2ed3e1-0a9b-48fb-8e1f-0a775c81d7a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 2072-4292","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/2/236/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13020236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020236","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/236/pdf?version=1610440742","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5102604763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971386","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7997688673","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41801223","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3119957808.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3119957808.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W223859950","https://openalex.org/W1530490667","https://openalex.org/W1541774929","https://openalex.org/W1964217023","https://openalex.org/W1983022053","https://openalex.org/W1993368797","https://openalex.org/W1997218631","https://openalex.org/W2002976790","https://openalex.org/W2016023361","https://openalex.org/W2019185548","https://openalex.org/W2019389322","https://openalex.org/W2022947185","https://openalex.org/W2030724333","https://openalex.org/W2030786150","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2057387551","https://openalex.org/W2059523177","https://openalex.org/W2089441588","https://openalex.org/W2097374294","https://openalex.org/W2097998348","https://openalex.org/W2123722907","https://openalex.org/W2134816084","https://openalex.org/W2148503595","https://openalex.org/W2150666871","https://openalex.org/W2158001550","https://openalex.org/W2167101736","https://openalex.org/W2167691377","https://openalex.org/W2181725657","https://openalex.org/W2472057509","https://openalex.org/W2514402957","https://openalex.org/W2531789853","https://openalex.org/W2553266079","https://openalex.org/W2565950292","https://openalex.org/W2592532736","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2768552973","https://openalex.org/W2775030393","https://openalex.org/W2811469196","https://openalex.org/W2885221142","https://openalex.org/W2885910915","https://openalex.org/W2900295757","https://openalex.org/W2906300491","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2914321566","https://openalex.org/W2916318597","https://openalex.org/W2917035873","https://openalex.org/W2918334143","https://openalex.org/W2921780894","https://openalex.org/W2925038876","https://openalex.org/W2937677292","https://openalex.org/W2966911727","https://openalex.org/W2968510217","https://openalex.org/W2984223285","https://openalex.org/W2994081727","https://openalex.org/W2998993395","https://openalex.org/W2999452933","https://openalex.org/W4205646471","https://openalex.org/W4292083457","https://openalex.org/W6674385629","https://openalex.org/W6720447163","https://openalex.org/W6729794838","https://openalex.org/W6753638850","https://openalex.org/W6756581782","https://openalex.org/W6766801544","https://openalex.org/W6772057277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169128343","https://openalex.org/W4393369372","https://openalex.org/W4313730536","https://openalex.org/W4254906734","https://openalex.org/W4316173907","https://openalex.org/W2571920324","https://openalex.org/W2961025906","https://openalex.org/W2068392014","https://openalex.org/W4231130279","https://openalex.org/W4252699458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"expansion":[2],"of":[3,10,46,76,137,240,264],"oil":[4,36,83,97,120,140,149,205,220,244,265],"palm":[5,37,84,98,121,141,150,206,221,245,266],"is":[6,28,106],"a":[7,200],"major":[8],"driver":[9],"deforestation":[11],"and":[12,19,34,44,74,78,95,103,108,146,158,171,193,203,213,224,233,257],"other":[13],"associated":[14],"damage":[15],"to":[16,31,39,56,133,174,198,243],"the":[17,41,59,87,110,114,135,139,148,182,210,219,226,238,250,255,262],"climate":[18],"ecosystem":[20,42],"in":[21,86,153],"tropical":[22,47],"regions,":[23],"especially":[24],"Southeast":[25],"Asia.":[26],"It":[27],"therefore":[29],"necessary":[30],"precisely":[32],"detect":[33,204],"monitor":[35],"plantations":[38,122],"safeguard":[40],"services":[43],"biodiversity":[45],"forests.":[48],"Compared":[49],"with":[50],"optical":[51,102],"data,":[52],"which":[53],"are":[54,247],"vulnerable":[55],"cloud":[57],"cover,":[58],"Sentinel-1":[60,159],"dual-polarization":[61],"C-band":[62],"synthetic":[63],"aperture":[64],"radar":[65],"(SAR)":[66],"acquires":[67],"global":[68],"observations":[69],"under":[70],"all":[71],"weather":[72],"conditions":[73],"times":[75],"day":[77],"shows":[79],"good":[80,259],"performance":[81,229],"for":[82,261],"detection":[85,222,246,263],"humid":[88],"tropics.":[89],"However,":[90],"because":[91],"accurately":[92],"distinguishing":[93],"mature":[94],"young":[96],"trees":[99],"by":[100,123,155],"using":[101],"SAR":[104,166],"data":[105],"difficult":[107],"considering":[109],"strong":[111],"dependence":[112],"on":[113,187,209],"input":[115],"parameter":[116],"values":[117],"when":[118],"detecting":[119,147],"employing":[124],"existing":[125],"classification":[126,201],"algorithms,":[127],"we":[128,180],"propose":[129],"an":[130],"innovative":[131],"method":[132,217],"improve":[134],"accuracy":[136,223],"classifying":[138],"type":[142],"(mature":[143],"or":[144],"young)":[145],"planting":[151],"area":[152],"Sumatra":[154],"fusing":[156],"Landsat-8":[157],"images.":[160],"We":[161],"extract":[162],"multitemporal":[163],"spectral":[164],"characteristics,":[165],"backscattering":[167],"values,":[168],"vegetation":[169],"indices,":[170],"texture":[172],"features":[173,242],"establish":[175,199],"different":[176,241],"feature":[177,196,252],"combinations.":[178],"Then,":[179],"use":[181],"random":[183],"forest":[184],"algorithm":[185],"based":[186],"improved":[188,218],"grid":[189],"search":[190],"optimization":[191],"(IGSO-RF)":[192],"select":[194],"optimal":[195,214,251],"subsets":[197],"model":[202,228],"plantations.":[207,267],"Based":[208],"IGSO-RF":[211],"classifier":[212],"features,":[215],"our":[216],"obtained":[225],"best":[227,256],"(OA":[230],"=":[231,235],"96.08%":[232],"kappa":[234],"0.9462).":[236],"Moreover,":[237],"contributions":[239],"different;":[248],"nevertheless,":[249],"subset":[253],"performed":[254],"demonstrated":[258],"potential":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}