{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3119302167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020198","title":"Adaptive Weighting Feature Fusion Approach Based on Generative Adversarial Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"Adaptive Weighting Feature Fusion Approach Based on Generative Adversarial Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3119302167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020198","mag":"3119302167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13020198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020198","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/198/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/198/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064904127","display_name":"Hongbo Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6046-9340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799449666","display_name":"State Ethnic Affairs Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/01p9g6b97","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799449666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019309368","display_name":"North Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xjevr11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China","The Key Laboratory of Images & Graphics Intelligent Processing of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Images & Graphics Intelligent Processing of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799449666","https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046538842","display_name":"Wenxing Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-5824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799449666","display_name":"State Ethnic Affairs Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/01p9g6b97","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799449666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019309368","display_name":"North Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xjevr11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenxing Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China","The Key Laboratory of Images & Graphics Intelligent Processing of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Images & Graphics Intelligent Processing of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799449666","https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060761737","display_name":"Xiangfei Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5501-4528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799449666","display_name":"State Ethnic Affairs Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/01p9g6b97","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799449666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019309368","display_name":"North Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xjevr11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangfei Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China","The Key Laboratory of Images & Graphics Intelligent Processing of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Images & Graphics Intelligent Processing of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799449666","https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046538842"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799449666","https://openalex.org/I3019309368"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.2739,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88976659,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"198","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7074964642524719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7029746770858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6739702224731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.6690359115600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.661309003829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.659928023815155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.6501807570457458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.5655595660209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.519281804561615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.43131446838378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3287661671638489}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7074964642524719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7029746770858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6739702224731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.6690359115600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.661309003829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.659928023815155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.6501807570457458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.5655595660209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.519281804561615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.43131446838378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3287661671638489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13020198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020198","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/198/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bab1d130d6494a8ca572cbc5e1e5c368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bab1d130d6494a8ca572cbc5e1e5c368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 198 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/2/198/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 2; Pages: 198","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13020198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020198","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/2/198/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G846973496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020AAC02028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322877","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322877","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3119302167.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3119302167.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1985973695","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2173520492","https://openalex.org/W2314785379","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2548275288","https://openalex.org/W2548791488","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2572303978","https://openalex.org/W2606507269","https://openalex.org/W2611655888","https://openalex.org/W2625326743","https://openalex.org/W2761781479","https://openalex.org/W2764276316","https://openalex.org/W2777427437","https://openalex.org/W2782772130","https://openalex.org/W2789643644","https://openalex.org/W2791006446","https://openalex.org/W2801324747","https://openalex.org/W2822065499","https://openalex.org/W2901123978","https://openalex.org/W2909664204","https://openalex.org/W2912371366","https://openalex.org/W2921445432","https://openalex.org/W2942144748","https://openalex.org/W2944413439","https://openalex.org/W2944973963","https://openalex.org/W2947712179","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2962770389","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W2964074194","https://openalex.org/W2970383558","https://openalex.org/W2976820585","https://openalex.org/W2980598835","https://openalex.org/W2981901304","https://openalex.org/W2989697276","https://openalex.org/W2991494819","https://openalex.org/W2993786038","https://openalex.org/W3002674187","https://openalex.org/W3009144764","https://openalex.org/W3015746332","https://openalex.org/W3030602447","https://openalex.org/W3047317383","https://openalex.org/W3080919303","https://openalex.org/W3091107621","https://openalex.org/W3091555486","https://openalex.org/W3098388691","https://openalex.org/W4320013936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293202849","https://openalex.org/W1980965563","https://openalex.org/W1489300767","https://openalex.org/W4380714744","https://openalex.org/W3208297503","https://openalex.org/W3119773509","https://openalex.org/W2889153461","https://openalex.org/W2964117661","https://openalex.org/W4388405611","https://openalex.org/W2619127353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"generative":[1,81],"adversarial":[2,82],"network":[3,83],"(GAN)-based":[4],"methods":[5,39,58],"for":[6,136,158,174],"hyperspectral":[7],"image":[8],"(HSI)":[9],"classification":[10,38,53],"have":[11,32],"attracted":[12],"research":[13],"attention":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16,19,85,93,105],"their":[17,68],"ability":[18],"alleviate":[20,86],"the":[21,62,95,111,115,159,162],"challenges":[22],"brought":[23],"by":[24],"having":[25,98],"limited":[26,41],"labeled":[27],"samples.":[28,103],"However,":[29],"several":[30],"studies":[31],"demonstrated":[33],"that":[34,145,183],"existing":[35],"GAN-based":[36,57,191],"HSI":[37,180],"are":[40],"in":[42],"redundant":[43],"spectral":[44],"knowledge":[45],"and":[46,119,169],"cannot":[47],"extract":[48],"discriminative":[49],"characteristics,":[50],"thus":[51],"affecting":[52],"performance.":[54],"In":[55,70],"addition,":[56],"always":[59],"suffer":[60],"from":[61],"model":[63],"collapse,":[64,161],"which":[65],"seriously":[66],"hinders":[67],"development.":[69],"this":[71],"study,":[72],"we":[73],"proposed":[74,135,163],"a":[75,99,128],"semi-supervised":[76],"adaptive":[77,130,155],"weighting":[78,132],"feature":[79,109,131,137,150],"fusion":[80,143],"(AWF2-GAN)":[84],"these":[87],"problems.":[88],"We":[89],"introduced":[90],"unlabeled":[91],"data":[92],"address":[94],"issue":[96],"of":[97,102],"small":[100],"number":[101],"First,":[104],"build":[106],"valid":[107],"spectral\u2013spatial":[108],"engineering,":[110],"discriminator":[112],"learns":[113],"both":[114],"dense":[116],"global":[117],"spectrum":[118],"neighboring":[120],"separable":[121],"spatial":[122],"context":[123],"via":[124],"well-designed":[125],"extractors.":[126],"Second,":[127],"lightweight":[129],"component":[133],"is":[134],"fusion;":[138],"it":[139],"considers":[140],"four":[141],"predictive":[142],"options,":[144],"is,":[146],"adding":[147],"or":[148,154],"concatenating":[149],"maps":[151],"with":[152],"similar":[153],"weights.":[156],"Finally,":[157],"mode":[160],"AWF2-GAN":[164,185],"combines":[165],"supervised":[166],"central":[167],"loss":[168,173],"unsupervised":[170],"mean":[171],"minimization":[172],"optimization.":[175],"Quantitative":[176],"results":[177],"on":[178],"two":[179],"datasets":[181],"show":[182],"our":[184],"achieves":[186],"superior":[187],"performance":[188],"over":[189],"state-of-the-art":[190],"methods.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2021-01-18T00:00:00"}