{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3119239127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010132","title":"A Genetic Optimization Resampling Based Particle Filtering Algorithm for Indoor Target Tracking","display_name":"A Genetic Optimization Resampling Based Particle Filtering Algorithm for Indoor Target Tracking","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3119239127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010132","mag":"3119239127"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13010132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010132","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/1/132/pdf?version=1609924048","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/1/132/pdf?version=1609924048","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100757518","display_name":"Ning Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8589-3001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Doctoral Innovation Center, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Doctoral Innovation Center, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049647137","display_name":"Lawrence Lau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-9666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Lau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046750599","display_name":"Ruibin Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-568X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruibin Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003475182","display_name":"Terry Moore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6169-059X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terry Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nottingham Geospatial Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Geospatial Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049647137"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.6581,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93485924,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"132","last_page":"132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resampling","display_name":"Resampling","score":0.9321765899658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.8338266611099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auxiliary-particle-filter","display_name":"Auxiliary particle filter","score":0.6889351606369019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6575751304626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6414798498153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5747258067131042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.5135951042175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.47632843255996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.420394629240036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3916756510734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31606924533843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21372359991073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.18628451228141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.1844249963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-kalman-filter","display_name":"Ensemble Kalman filter","score":0.08538025617599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.06907525658607483}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150921843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1170431","display_name":"Resampling","level":2,"score":0.9321765899658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.8338266611099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52483021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4827310","display_name":"Auxiliary particle filter","level":5,"score":0.6889351606369019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6575751304626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6414798498153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5747258067131042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.5135951042175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.47632843255996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.420394629240036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3916756510734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31606924533843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21372359991073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.18628451228141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.1844249963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79334102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072268","display_name":"Ensemble Kalman filter","level":4,"score":0.08538025617599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.06907525658607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13010132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010132","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/1/132/pdf?version=1609924048","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:64243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402013","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:475377e5b2ed4afd873c1606dd39a1aa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/475377e5b2ed4afd873c1606dd39a1aa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 1, p 132 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/90982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/90982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/1/132/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 1; Pages: 132","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13010132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010132","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/1/132/pdf?version=1609924048","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1340583830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Not applicable","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1934935867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Engineering and Physical Sciences R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2250185850","display_name":"EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in My Life in Data","funder_award_id":"EP/L015463/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3790499776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L015463/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320324","funder_display_name":"University of Nottingham"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8938510676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY17D040001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320324","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324778","display_name":"Ningbo Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00gskyj95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324779","display_name":"Ningbo Municipal Bureau of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/016jygy11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3119239127.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3119239127.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W823554741","https://openalex.org/W1483811805","https://openalex.org/W1512383952","https://openalex.org/W1534130305","https://openalex.org/W1542648184","https://openalex.org/W1575570444","https://openalex.org/W1659842140","https://openalex.org/W1824685703","https://openalex.org/W1852865843","https://openalex.org/W1970076554","https://openalex.org/W1984626044","https://openalex.org/W1989507164","https://openalex.org/W2012612458","https://openalex.org/W2020934227","https://openalex.org/W2022905992","https://openalex.org/W2034976661","https://openalex.org/W2056760934","https://openalex.org/W2073117938","https://openalex.org/W2077831477","https://openalex.org/W2094801485","https://openalex.org/W2095705027","https://openalex.org/W2098613108","https://openalex.org/W2113287505","https://openalex.org/W2124216931","https://openalex.org/W2137836725","https://openalex.org/W2138402490","https://openalex.org/W2142153704","https://openalex.org/W2152650864","https://openalex.org/W2160337655","https://openalex.org/W2161875598","https://openalex.org/W2168634963","https://openalex.org/W2170484568","https://openalex.org/W2330374543","https://openalex.org/W2342559658","https://openalex.org/W2342664609","https://openalex.org/W2376557535","https://openalex.org/W2531894772","https://openalex.org/W2545049232","https://openalex.org/W2575006817","https://openalex.org/W2799135987","https://openalex.org/W2993471286","https://openalex.org/W2995176390","https://openalex.org/W2999756127","https://openalex.org/W3045040561","https://openalex.org/W4214574517","https://openalex.org/W4251960031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3144709167","https://openalex.org/W1824810860","https://openalex.org/W2162253570","https://openalex.org/W2368144031","https://openalex.org/W2355962871","https://openalex.org/W2758742130","https://openalex.org/W2126226614","https://openalex.org/W2406829934","https://openalex.org/W2862160893","https://openalex.org/W2376126247"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,71],"indoor":[1,151],"target":[2,183],"tracking":[3,69,146,152,184],"based":[4,89,130],"on":[5],"wireless":[6],"sensor":[7],"networks,":[8],"the":[9,34,40,48,75,96,102,120,138,160,163,167,187],"particle":[10,36,41,51,76,121,131,173],"filtering":[11,66,122,132],"algorithm":[12,140,189],"has":[13,169],"been":[14],"widely":[15],"used":[16],"because":[17],"of":[18,50,98,137,162],"its":[19],"outstanding":[20],"performance":[21,136],"in":[22,39,65],"coping":[23],"with":[24,159],"highly":[25],"non-linear":[26],"problems.":[27],"Resampling":[28],"is":[29,116,141],"generally":[30],"required":[31],"to":[32,73,124],"address":[33],"inherent":[35],"degeneracy":[37],"problem":[38,49,54],"filter.":[42],"However,":[43],"traditional":[44],"resampling":[45,90,93,114,129,165],"methods":[46],"cause":[47],"impoverishment.":[52],"This":[53,92],"degrades":[55],"positioning":[56,80,178],"accuracy":[57,179],"and":[58,60,68,78,110,148,175],"robustness":[59,171],"sometimes":[61],"may":[62],"even":[63],"result":[64],"divergence":[67],"failure.":[70],"order":[72],"mitigate":[74],"impoverishment":[77,174],"improve":[79],"accuracy,":[81],"this":[82],"paper":[83],"proposes":[84],"an":[85,191],"improved":[86],"genetic":[87,127],"optimization":[88,128],"method.":[91],"method":[94,115],"optimizes":[95],"distribution":[97],"resampled":[99],"particles":[100],"by":[101,143],"five":[103],"operators,":[104],"i.e.,":[105],"selection,":[106],"roughening,":[107],"classification,":[108],"crossover,":[109],"mutation.":[111],"The":[112,135],"proposed":[113,164],"then":[117],"integrated":[118],"into":[119],"framework":[123],"form":[125],"a":[126,144,149],"(GORPF)":[133],"algorithm.":[134],"GORPF":[139,168,188],"tested":[142],"one-dimensional":[145],"simulation":[147],"three-dimensional":[150],"experiment.":[153],"Both":[154],"test":[155],"results":[156],"show":[157],"that":[158],"aid":[161],"method,":[166],"better":[170,177],"against":[172],"achieves":[176],"than":[180],"several":[181],"existing":[182],"algorithms.":[185],"Moreover,":[186],"owns":[190],"affordable":[192],"computation":[193],"load":[194],"for":[195],"real-time":[196],"applications.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
