{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3114118599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010074","title":"A Fully Automated Three-Stage Procedure for Spatio-Temporal Leaf Segmentation with Regard to the B-Spline-Based Phenotyping of Cucumber Plants","display_name":"A Fully Automated Three-Stage Procedure for Spatio-Temporal Leaf Segmentation with Regard to the B-Spline-Based Phenotyping of Cucumber Plants","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3114118599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010074","mag":"3114118599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13010074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010074","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/1/74/pdf?version=1609141177","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/1/74/pdf?version=1609141177","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068891147","display_name":"Corinna Harmening","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corinna Harmening","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8/E120, 1040 Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8/E120, 1040 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068101057","display_name":"Jens\u2010Andr\u00e9 Paffenholz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1222-5568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43980791","display_name":"Clausthal University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qb8nc58","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43980791"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jens-Andr\u00e9 Paffenholz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geomatics for Underground Systems, Institute of Geo-Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Erzstra\u00dfe 18, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomatics for Underground Systems, Institute of Geo-Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Erzstra\u00dfe 18, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43980791"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068101057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43980791"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":1647,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1776},"fwci":1.6092,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86086037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"74","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7074851989746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.6294140815734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodetic-datum","display_name":"Geodetic datum","score":0.48823073506355286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46171116828918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.43681395053863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.4134463965892792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29255151748657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26302221417427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1991138756275177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.13554304838180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09877437353134155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7074851989746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.6294140815734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58754882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502887","display_name":"Geodetic datum","level":2,"score":0.48823073506355286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46171116828918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.43681395053863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.4134463965892792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29255151748657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26302221417427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1991138756275177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.13554304838180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09877437353134155}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13010074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010074","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/1/74/pdf?version=1609141177","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:919e30f0a2374b46b26fffa14c1bd370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/919e30f0a2374b46b26fffa14c1bd370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 1, p 74 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/1/74/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 1; Pages: 74","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13010074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010074","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/1/74/pdf?version=1609141177","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3114118599.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3114118599.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12739347","https://openalex.org/W170732776","https://openalex.org/W1964396779","https://openalex.org/W1999478155","https://openalex.org/W2000690667","https://openalex.org/W2010696535","https://openalex.org/W2017101219","https://openalex.org/W2049981393","https://openalex.org/W2051490657","https://openalex.org/W2060224812","https://openalex.org/W2069615085","https://openalex.org/W2076231474","https://openalex.org/W2078290150","https://openalex.org/W2086330580","https://openalex.org/W2116334708","https://openalex.org/W2151631165","https://openalex.org/W2157779872","https://openalex.org/W2159508745","https://openalex.org/W2160155345","https://openalex.org/W2162746987","https://openalex.org/W2163747463","https://openalex.org/W2181225178","https://openalex.org/W2185988205","https://openalex.org/W2299446122","https://openalex.org/W2323610333","https://openalex.org/W2505469783","https://openalex.org/W2514573036","https://openalex.org/W2562758716","https://openalex.org/W2588136143","https://openalex.org/W2589775093","https://openalex.org/W2594064569","https://openalex.org/W2777928250","https://openalex.org/W2790032292","https://openalex.org/W2901500352","https://openalex.org/W2903828860","https://openalex.org/W2947049593","https://openalex.org/W2948445301","https://openalex.org/W4205649593","https://openalex.org/W6663573580","https://openalex.org/W6684349346","https://openalex.org/W6725541615","https://openalex.org/W6756698044","https://openalex.org/W6763214875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964093098","https://openalex.org/W2412470376","https://openalex.org/W2963447316","https://openalex.org/W4313437384","https://openalex.org/W2062843243","https://openalex.org/W2369439249","https://openalex.org/W3020980379","https://openalex.org/W2349272851","https://openalex.org/W4399442168","https://openalex.org/W2114282491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Plant":[0],"phenotyping":[1,69,77],"deals":[2],"with":[3,52,200],"the":[4,13,43,53,93,109,113,128,144,147,159,162,166,173,175,198,204],"metrological":[5],"acquisition":[6],"of":[7,15,45,55,86,98,104,112,141,143,154,165,186,197,208],"plants":[8,88],"in":[9,32,96,190,203],"order":[10,170],"to":[11,42,75,91,171,181,210],"investigate":[12],"impact":[14],"environmental":[16],"factors":[17],"and":[18,51,67,120],"a":[19,138],"plant\u2019s":[20],"genotype":[21],"on":[22,108,133],"its":[23],"appearance.":[24],"Phenotyping":[25],"methods":[26,188],"that":[27,126],"are":[28,35,61,72,89,150,179],"used":[29,90,189],"as":[30],"standard":[31,76,187],"crop":[33,191],"science":[34],"often":[36],"invasive":[37],"or":[38],"even":[39],"destructive.":[40],"Due":[41],"increase":[44],"automation":[46],"within":[47],"geodetic":[48,59],"measurement":[49,57],"systems":[50],"development":[54],"quasi-continuous":[56],"techniques,":[58],"techniques":[60],"perfectly":[62],"suitable":[63],"for":[64,161],"performing":[65],"automated":[66],"non-invasive":[68],"and,":[70],"hence,":[71],"an":[73],"alternative":[74],"methods.":[78],"In":[79,169],"this":[80,105],"contribution,":[81],"sequentially":[82],"acquired":[83,114],"point":[84,115,124],"clouds":[85,125],"cucumber":[87],"determine":[92],"plants\u2019":[94],"phenotypes":[95],"terms":[97],"their":[99],"leaf":[100,167,177,206],"areas.":[101,168],"The":[102,131,193],"focus":[103],"contribution":[106],"is":[107],"spatio-temporal":[110],"segmentation":[111,140],"clouds,":[116],"which":[117,157],"automatically":[118],"groups":[119],"tracks":[121],"those":[122],"sub":[123],"describe":[127],"same":[129],"leaf.":[130],"application":[132],"example":[134],"data":[135],"sets":[136],"reveals":[137],"successful":[139],"93%":[142],"leafs.":[145],"Afterwards,":[146],"segmented":[148],"leaves":[149],"approximated":[151],"by":[152,184],"means":[153,185],"B-spline":[155],"surfaces,":[156],"provide":[158],"basis":[160],"subsequent":[163],"determination":[164],"validate":[172],"results,":[174],"determined":[176,205],"areas":[178,207],"compared":[180],"results":[182,199],"obtained":[183],"science.":[192],"investigations":[194],"reveal":[195],"consistency":[196],"maximal":[201],"deviations":[202],"up":[209],"5%.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-01-05T00:00:00"}