{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3114905982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010051","title":"Spatiotemporal Analysis of Vegetation Cover Change in a Large Ephemeral River: Multi-Sensor Fusion of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Landsat Imagery","display_name":"Spatiotemporal Analysis of Vegetation Cover Change in a Large Ephemeral River: Multi-Sensor Fusion of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Landsat Imagery","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3114905982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010051","mag":"3114905982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13010051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010051","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077729644","display_name":"Bryn E. Morgan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4672-3955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bryn E. Morgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Dartmouth College, 6017 Fairchild, Hanover, NH 03755, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Dartmouth College, 6017 Fairchild, Hanover, NH 03755, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021289133","display_name":"Jonathan Chipman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4629-5273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan W. Chipman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Dartmouth College, 6017 Fairchild, Hanover, NH 03755, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Dartmouth College, 6017 Fairchild, Hanover, NH 03755, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033060254","display_name":"Douglas T. Bolger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0336-2691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas T. Bolger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College, 6182 Steele, Hanover, NH 03755, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College, 6182 Steele, Hanover, NH 03755, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040171044","display_name":"J. Dietrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2432-5243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James T. Dietrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Dartmouth College, 6017 Fairchild, Hanover, NH 03755, USA","William H. Neukom Institute for Computational Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Dartmouth College, 6017 Fairchild, Hanover, NH 03755, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"William H. Neukom Institute for Computational Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077729644"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.0947,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85887999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"51","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ephemeral-key","display_name":"Ephemeral key","score":0.8220987319946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5927147269248962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.5845852494239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.550634503364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5353776216506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arid","display_name":"Arid","score":0.5180920958518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.4843679368495941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.42694446444511414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.4233737587928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.35876235365867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.27305126190185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.23571676015853882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.19652575254440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18117788434028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.1214253306388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.07497915625572205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76947770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4533181","display_name":"Ephemeral key","level":2,"score":0.8220987319946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5927147269248962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5845852494239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.550634503364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5353776216506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.5180920958518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.4843679368495941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.42694446444511414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.4233737587928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.35876235365867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.27305126190185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.23571676015853882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.19652575254440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18117788434028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.1214253306388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.07497915625572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13010051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:346ee1f3c31b40f3abca6f6af6e12fe3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/346ee1f3c31b40f3abca6f6af6e12fe3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 1, p 51 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/1/51/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 1; Pages: 51","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13010051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59689390","https://openalex.org/W243803261","https://openalex.org/W1442930683","https://openalex.org/W1482783485","https://openalex.org/W1515184574","https://openalex.org/W1588713494","https://openalex.org/W1826973793","https://openalex.org/W1928585742","https://openalex.org/W1932721871","https://openalex.org/W1966552405","https://openalex.org/W1967395374","https://openalex.org/W1969049388","https://openalex.org/W1979556972","https://openalex.org/W1981795482","https://openalex.org/W1983523689","https://openalex.org/W1988677648","https://openalex.org/W2000102737","https://openalex.org/W2002682289","https://openalex.org/W2006427720","https://openalex.org/W2009269885","https://openalex.org/W2010293298","https://openalex.org/W2010546545","https://openalex.org/W2011502855","https://openalex.org/W2014533493","https://openalex.org/W2023914401","https://openalex.org/W2027254180","https://openalex.org/W2034803549","https://openalex.org/W2036798369","https://openalex.org/W2041676283","https://openalex.org/W2042044045","https://openalex.org/W2048873686","https://openalex.org/W2050015564","https://openalex.org/W2050131916","https://openalex.org/W2055718260","https://openalex.org/W2058860098","https://openalex.org/W2063703274","https://openalex.org/W2063712217","https://openalex.org/W2064437619","https://openalex.org/W2072574121","https://openalex.org/W2072681309","https://openalex.org/W2075818603","https://openalex.org/W2081824344","https://openalex.org/W2088072097","https://openalex.org/W2088080782","https://openalex.org/W2089124527","https://openalex.org/W2098651492","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2115241128","https://openalex.org/W2129557894","https://openalex.org/W2132890863","https://openalex.org/W2145197939","https://openalex.org/W2148576228","https://openalex.org/W2151454884","https://openalex.org/W2151962326","https://openalex.org/W2158852904","https://openalex.org/W2161891751","https://openalex.org/W2165351660","https://openalex.org/W2185764194","https://openalex.org/W2207083369","https://openalex.org/W2336426693","https://openalex.org/W2337542812","https://openalex.org/W2421373519","https://openalex.org/W2519669455","https://openalex.org/W2543873364","https://openalex.org/W2548691348","https://openalex.org/W2548892863","https://openalex.org/W2555971268","https://openalex.org/W2560661951","https://openalex.org/W2581655222","https://openalex.org/W2597019593","https://openalex.org/W2607330615","https://openalex.org/W2613349105","https://openalex.org/W2765366036","https://openalex.org/W2793263498","https://openalex.org/W2900784130","https://openalex.org/W2909496043","https://openalex.org/W2911416520","https://openalex.org/W2911840655","https://openalex.org/W2913229076","https://openalex.org/W2919681923","https://openalex.org/W2950381058","https://openalex.org/W2978138816","https://openalex.org/W2991848483","https://openalex.org/W3035833471","https://openalex.org/W3088997255","https://openalex.org/W3092811956","https://openalex.org/W3125113274","https://openalex.org/W4230099931","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6653986250","https://openalex.org/W6683241907","https://openalex.org/W6730612885","https://openalex.org/W6757934047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254841053","https://openalex.org/W2997601332","https://openalex.org/W4253528273","https://openalex.org/W2032050747","https://openalex.org/W2507616274","https://openalex.org/W4210746918","https://openalex.org/W2581328603","https://openalex.org/W1560287221","https://openalex.org/W2021379394","https://openalex.org/W2897121675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ephemeral":[0],"rivers":[1],"in":[2,24,73,82,95],"arid":[3],"regions":[4],"act":[5],"as":[6],"linear":[7,131],"oases,":[8],"where":[9,198],"corridors":[10],"of":[11,32,103,182,215,222],"vegetation":[12,75,105,110,157,167],"supported":[13],"by":[14,170],"accessible":[15],"groundwater":[16],"and":[17,29,42,49,174,205,218],"intermittent":[18],"surface":[19],"flows":[20],"provide":[21],"biological":[22],"refugia":[23],"water-limited":[25],"landscapes.":[26],"The":[27,123,203],"ecological":[28],"hydrological":[30],"dynamics":[31],"these":[33],"systems":[34,41],"are":[35],"poorly":[36],"understood":[37],"compared":[38],"to":[39,44,62,70,99,149,154,164,226],"perennial":[40],"subject":[43],"wide":[45],"variation":[46],"over":[47,86],"space":[48],"time.":[50],"This":[51,190],"study":[52],"used":[53,69,98],"imagery":[54,93],"obtained":[55],"from":[56,107,113,141],"an":[57],"unmanned":[58],"aerial":[59],"vehicle":[60],"(UAV)":[61],"enhance":[63],"satellite":[64],"data,":[65],"which":[66],"were":[67],"then":[68],"quantify":[71],"change":[72],"woody":[74],"cover":[76,106,158,168],"along":[77],"the":[78,83,130,138,142,160,177,183,186,194,210,220],"ephemeral":[79,216],"Kuiseb":[80,161],"River":[81],"Namib":[84],"Desert":[85],"a":[87,101,114,223,231],"35-year":[88],"period.":[89],"Ultra-high":[90],"resolution":[91],"UAV":[92,232],"collected":[94],"2016":[96,144],"was":[97,146],"derive":[100],"model":[102,139],"fractional":[104,136,156],"five":[108],"spectral":[109],"indices,":[111],"calculated":[112],"contemporaneous":[115],"Landsat":[116,152],"8":[117],"Operational":[118],"Land":[119],"Imager":[120],"(OLI)":[121],"image.":[122],"Normalized":[124],"Difference":[125],"Vegetation":[126],"Index":[127],"(NDVI)":[128],"provided":[129],"best-fit":[132],"relationship":[133],"for":[134,159,212],"calculating":[135],"cover;":[137],"derived":[140],"two":[143],"datasets":[145],"subsequently":[147],"applied":[148],"24":[150],"intercalibrated":[151],"images":[153],"calculate":[155],"extending":[162],"back":[163],"1984.":[165],"Overall":[166],"increased":[169],"33%":[171],"between":[172],"1984":[173],"2019,":[175],"with":[176,193],"most":[178,199],"highly":[179],"vegetated":[180],"reach":[181,191],"river":[184],"exhibiting":[185],"greatest":[187],"positive":[188],"change.":[189],"corresponds":[192],"terminal":[195],"alluvial":[196],"zone,":[197],"flood":[200],"deposition":[201],"occurs.":[202],"spatial":[204],"temporal":[206],"trends":[207],"discovered":[208],"highlight":[209],"need":[211],"long-term":[213],"monitoring":[214],"ecosystems":[217],"demonstrate":[219],"efficacy":[221],"multi-sensor":[224],"approach":[225],"time":[227],"series":[228],"analysis":[229],"using":[230],"platform.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-01-05T00:00:00"}