{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3113286765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12244020","title":"A Deep Learning Method for Mapping Glacial Lakes from the Combined Use of Synthetic-Aperture Radar and Optical Satellite Images","display_name":"A Deep Learning Method for Mapping Glacial Lakes from the Combined Use of Synthetic-Aperture Radar and Optical Satellite Images","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3113286765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12244020","mag":"3113286765"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12244020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12244020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/24/4020/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/24/4020/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030050684","display_name":"Renzhe Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7168-7773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renzhe Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7168-7773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101656253","display_name":"Guoxiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-1145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guoxiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology for High-Speed Railway Safety, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology for High-Speed Railway Safety, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039949921","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-7682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology for High-Speed Railway Safety, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-7682","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology for High-Speed Railway Safety, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031624398","display_name":"Xiaowen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6532-9606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology for High-Speed Railway Safety, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6532-9606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology for High-Speed Railway Safety, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080723217","display_name":"Yong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-3305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088011637","display_name":"Bo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7056-1124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7056-1124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026665213","display_name":"Jialun Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8349-2711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialun Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8349-2711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062354305","display_name":"Wei Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8756-2211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8756-2211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101656253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.9363,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90976862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"24","first_page":"4020","last_page":"4020"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7907823920249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6427314281463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.5732384324073792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5115066766738892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.498241662979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.48232170939445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4358309507369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4121336340904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.32968440651893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3275202214717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1413133442401886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0902215838432312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7907823920249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6427314281463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.5732384324073792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5115066766738892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.498241662979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.48232170939445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4358309507369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4121336340904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32968440651893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3275202214717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1413133442401886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0902215838432312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12244020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12244020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/24/4020/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2f7b02d858a748bf9702edc716962e88","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2f7b02d858a748bf9702edc716962e88","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 24, p 4020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/24/4020/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 24; Pages: 4020","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12244020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12244020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/24/4020/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3399166640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0502700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4035461853","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41771402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G440638385","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YJ0322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6950087647","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41804009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8041151534","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30-H30C01-9004-19/21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G902315690","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020JDTD0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316125","display_name":"China Railway","ror":"https://ror.org/044wv3489"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3113286765.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3113286765.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1961672453","https://openalex.org/W1981878534","https://openalex.org/W1984576625","https://openalex.org/W2024071728","https://openalex.org/W2077509829","https://openalex.org/W2080455819","https://openalex.org/W2085683568","https://openalex.org/W2094757617","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2115535975","https://openalex.org/W2128311680","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2139709933","https://openalex.org/W2153829582","https://openalex.org/W2173027301","https://openalex.org/W2355989079","https://openalex.org/W2356580693","https://openalex.org/W2358225166","https://openalex.org/W2363608402","https://openalex.org/W2622632592","https://openalex.org/W2791570353","https://openalex.org/W2794418686","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2922123535","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2983643985","https://openalex.org/W3007409653","https://openalex.org/W3047090321","https://openalex.org/W4403737838","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6670467276","https://openalex.org/W6673956462","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6748481559","https://openalex.org/W6753182481","https://openalex.org/W6873280351","https://openalex.org/W7065961715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318664220","https://openalex.org/W2771047279","https://openalex.org/W4388409104","https://openalex.org/W2124951708","https://openalex.org/W1544811710","https://openalex.org/W172072032","https://openalex.org/W2006066416","https://openalex.org/W3157073418","https://openalex.org/W2021642829","https://openalex.org/W2058127401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Glacial":[0],"lakes":[1,249],"(GLs),":[2],"a":[3,76,85,169,192,224,323],"vital":[4],"link":[5],"between":[6],"the":[7,10,14,112,122,132,153,164,189,232,238,255,262,272,282,291,299,302,316],"hydrosphere":[8],"and":[9,18,27,37,61,83,103,115,134,150,155,182,236,248,250,257,269,285,304,318,327],"cryosphere,":[11],"participate":[12],"in":[13,40,168,196,221,310,330],"local":[15],"hydrological":[16],"process,":[17],"their":[19],"interannual":[20],"dynamic":[21],"evolution":[22],"is":[23,109],"an":[24,28,73],"objective":[25],"reflection":[26],"indicator":[29],"of":[30,67,118,124,137,145,152,166,172,191,208,213,227,245,259,301],"regional":[31],"climate":[32],"change.":[33],"The":[34,107,148,306],"complex":[35],"terrain":[36],"climatic":[38],"conditions":[39],"mountainous":[41],"areas":[42],"where":[43],"GLs":[44,167,195,202,215,229],"are":[45],"located":[46],"make":[47],"it":[48],"difficult":[49],"to":[50,57,110,120,130,140,162,252],"employ":[51],"conventional":[52],"remote":[53,179],"sensing":[54,180],"observation":[55,63],"means":[56,308],"obtain":[58],"stable,":[59],"accurate,":[60,142],"comprehensive":[62],"data.":[64,106],"In":[65,186],"view":[66],"this":[68,70,187,311],"situation,":[69],"study":[71,312],"presents":[72],"algorithm":[74,156],"with":[75],"high":[77,113],"generalization":[78],"ability":[79],"established":[80],"by":[81,159,277,286],"optimizing":[82],"improving":[84],"deep":[86],"learning":[87],"(DL)":[88],"semantic":[89],"segmentation":[90],"network":[91],"model":[92,154,264,303],"for":[93,325],"extracting":[94],"GL":[95,146],"contours":[96,165,190],"from":[97,175],"combined":[98,267],"synthetic-aperture":[99],"radar":[100],"(SAR)":[101],"amplitude":[102,184],"multispectral":[104,138],"imagery":[105],"aim":[108],"use":[111],"penetrability":[114],"all-weather":[116],"advantages":[117,136],"SAR":[119,270],"reduce":[121,254],"effects":[123],"cloud":[125],"cover":[126],"as":[127,129,313,315],"well":[128,314],"integrate":[131],"multiscale":[133],"detail-oriented":[135],"data":[139,296,319],"facilitate":[141],"quantitative":[143],"extraction":[144,258],"contours.":[147],"accuracy":[149],"reliability":[151],"were":[157,199,203,216],"examined":[158],"employing":[160],"them":[161],"extract":[163],"large":[170,225],"region":[171],"south-eastern":[173,197],"Tibet":[174,198],"Landsat":[176],"8":[177],"optical":[178,268],"images":[181],"Sentinel-1A":[183],"images.":[185],"study,":[188],"total":[193],"8262":[194],"extracted.":[200],"These":[201,294],"distributed":[204],"predominantly":[205],"at":[206],"altitudes":[207],"4000\u20135500":[209],"m.":[210],"Only":[211],"17.4%":[212],"these":[214],"greater":[217],"than":[218],"0.1":[219],"km2":[220],"size,":[222],"while":[223],"number":[226],"small":[228],"made":[230],"up":[231],"majority.":[233],"Through":[234],"analysis":[235],"validation,":[237],"proposed":[239],"method":[240],"was":[241],"found":[242],"highly":[243],"capable":[244],"distinguishing":[246],"rivers":[247],"able":[251],"effectively":[253],"misidentification":[256],"rivers.":[260],"With":[261],"DL":[263],"based":[265],"on":[266,281,290],"images,":[271],"intersection-over-union":[273],"(IoU)":[274],"score":[275],"increased":[276],"0.0212":[278],"(to":[279,288],"0.6207)":[280],"validation":[283,295],"set":[284],"0.038":[287],"0.6397)":[289],"prediction":[292],"set.":[293],"sufficiently":[297],"demonstrate":[298],"efficacy":[300],"algorithm.":[305],"technical":[307],"employed":[309],"results":[317],"obtained":[320],"can":[321],"provide":[322],"reference":[324],"research":[326],"application":[328],"expansion":[329],"related":[331],"fields.":[332]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2020-12-21T00:00:00"}