{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3106850242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12233953","title":"Beach State Recognition Using Argus Imagery and Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Beach State Recognition Using Argus Imagery and Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3106850242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12233953","mag":"3106850242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12233953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12233953","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/23/3953/pdf?version=1607251834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/23/3953/pdf?version=1607251834","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053481339","display_name":"Ashley Ellenson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashley N. Ellenson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067839106","display_name":"Joshua A. Simmons","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0606-7225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802690124","display_name":"Sydney Water","ror":"https://ror.org/04yhf7405","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801351115","https://openalex.org/I2802690124"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua A. Simmons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water Research Laboratory, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2093, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0606-7225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water Research Laboratory, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2093, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802690124","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057202367","display_name":"G. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4727-459X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg W. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005471427","display_name":"Tyler Hesser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-5544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87303767","display_name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyler J. Hesser","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States Army Corps Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Army Corps Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081452912","display_name":"Kristen D. Splinter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0082-8444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802690124","display_name":"Sydney Water","ror":"https://ror.org/04yhf7405","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801351115","https://openalex.org/I2802690124"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristen D. Splinter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water Research Laboratory, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2093, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0082-8444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water Research Laboratory, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2093, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802690124","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053481339"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":7.1011,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98694276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"23","first_page":"3953","last_page":"3953"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12316","display_name":"Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bathymetry","display_name":"Bathymetry","score":0.8586004972457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transferability","display_name":"Transferability","score":0.839756190776825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8082448244094849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6927931904792786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.549614667892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argus","display_name":"Argus","score":0.5426483750343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4773966372013092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surf-zone","display_name":"Surf zone","score":0.42774102091789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4149838089942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3590124845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3144225478172302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.3067028522491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.24980005621910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.24894708395004272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.23347622156143188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174943157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810826","display_name":"Bathymetry","level":2,"score":0.8586004972457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61272859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834031","display_name":"Transferability","level":3,"score":0.839756190776825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8082448244094849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6927931904792786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.549614667892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3622471","display_name":"Argus","level":2,"score":0.5426483750343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4773966372013092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152303270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7645899","display_name":"Surf zone","level":2,"score":0.42774102091789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4149838089942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3590124845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3144225478172302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3067028522491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.24980005621910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24894708395004272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.23347622156143188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140331021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868104","display_name":"Logit","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12233953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12233953","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/23/3953/pdf?version=1607251834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7f32d623e8ca430db3ec7eb75d364b1c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7f32d623e8ca430db3ec7eb75d364b1c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 23, p 3953 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/23/3953/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12233953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 23; Pages: 3953","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12233953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12233953","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/23/3953/pdf?version=1607251834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2879598834","display_name":"Australian coastal observation network: monitoring and forecasting coastal erosion in a changing climate","funder_award_id":"LP100200348","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3808312494","display_name":"An Australian storm wave damage and beach erosion early warning system","funder_award_id":"LP170100161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G756903385","display_name":"Large-scale climatic control of coastal erosion and shoreline changes based on long-term survey dataset and video monitoring technology","funder_award_id":"LP0455157","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8524601170","display_name":"Beach Erosion and Recovery: Quantifying the Hazard","funder_award_id":"DP150101339","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311880","display_name":"NSW Office of Environment and Heritage","ror":"https://ror.org/005bs2a16"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320560","display_name":"NSW Environmental Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/005bs2a16"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337538","display_name":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/05w4e8v21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338258","display_name":"Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3106850242.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3106850242.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W189903993","https://openalex.org/W757733854","https://openalex.org/W954018823","https://openalex.org/W1189626437","https://openalex.org/W1504932606","https://openalex.org/W1622261723","https://openalex.org/W1959860188","https://openalex.org/W1968134534","https://openalex.org/W1968331856","https://openalex.org/W1977410922","https://openalex.org/W1978340241","https://openalex.org/W1979513795","https://openalex.org/W1988237584","https://openalex.org/W1992697515","https://openalex.org/W1999484929","https://openalex.org/W2005533603","https://openalex.org/W2005582462","https://openalex.org/W2005702362","https://openalex.org/W2027907588","https://openalex.org/W2032412963","https://openalex.org/W2044774945","https://openalex.org/W2051489047","https://openalex.org/W2051560857","https://openalex.org/W2060293948","https://openalex.org/W2064940474","https://openalex.org/W2084174288","https://openalex.org/W2088936548","https://openalex.org/W2092461001","https://openalex.org/W2104970949","https://openalex.org/W2105131457","https://openalex.org/W2106913415","https://openalex.org/W2107432340","https://openalex.org/W2117685245","https://openalex.org/W2118203371","https://openalex.org/W2123388619","https://openalex.org/W2123894661","https://openalex.org/W2126788173","https://openalex.org/W2146486154","https://openalex.org/W2149417057","https://openalex.org/W2154600973","https://openalex.org/W2163923250","https://openalex.org/W2170505850","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2264491375","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2296733024","https://openalex.org/W2319729657","https://openalex.org/W2418519490","https://openalex.org/W2477936180","https://openalex.org/W2498362292","https://openalex.org/W2527992810","https://openalex.org/W2606356929","https://openalex.org/W2617798458","https://openalex.org/W2899656555","https://openalex.org/W2925121987","https://openalex.org/W2934386742","https://openalex.org/W2937557681","https://openalex.org/W2940098076","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2964876791","https://openalex.org/W2977103245","https://openalex.org/W2978646551","https://openalex.org/W2983672157","https://openalex.org/W2984238607","https://openalex.org/W3002044449","https://openalex.org/W3011935329","https://openalex.org/W3121980277","https://openalex.org/W4231059779","https://openalex.org/W4248157366","https://openalex.org/W6625044716","https://openalex.org/W6636704512","https://openalex.org/W6674187544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2297821122","https://openalex.org/W4249800674","https://openalex.org/W4255014369","https://openalex.org/W1583120979","https://openalex.org/W2005545852","https://openalex.org/W2087282387","https://openalex.org/W3129210863","https://openalex.org/W4200200374","https://openalex.org/W3154655306","https://openalex.org/W2077212692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nearshore":[0],"morphology":[1],"is":[2,48,232],"a":[3,49,71,84,141,158,244,264],"key":[4],"driver":[5],"in":[6,24,140,157],"wave":[7],"breaking":[8],"and":[9,16,41,105,123,143,180],"the":[10,22,56,66,134,144,150,161,167,185,187,196,215,229,271],"resulting":[11],"nearshore":[12,23,46],"circulation,":[13],"recreational":[14],"safety,":[15],"nutrient":[17],"dispersion.":[18],"Morphology":[19],"persists":[20],"within":[21],"specific":[25],"shapes":[26],"that":[27,209,238,270,283],"can":[28,59,218],"be":[29,60,219,252],"classified":[30],"into":[31],"equilibrium":[32],"states.":[33],"Equilibrium":[34],"states":[35],"convey":[36],"qualitative":[37],"information":[38,54],"about":[39,55],"bathymetry":[40,47,58],"relevant":[42],"physical":[43],"processes.":[44],"While":[45],"challenge":[50],"to":[51,74,171,202,214,241],"collect,":[52],"much":[53],"underlying":[57],"gained":[61],"from":[62,79,97,233],"remote":[63],"sensing":[64],"of":[65,228],"surfzone.":[67],"This":[68,236],"study":[69],"presents":[70],"new":[72,255,259],"method":[73],"automatically":[75],"classify":[76],"beach":[77,287],"state":[78,288],"Argus":[80],"daytimexposure":[81],"imagery":[82,96,260],"using":[83,275],"machine":[85],"learning":[86],"technique":[87,267],"called":[88],"convolutional":[89],"neural":[90],"networks":[91],"(CNNs).":[92],"The":[93],"CNN":[94,112,188,245,265,272],"processed":[95],"two":[98],"locations:":[99],"Narrabeen,":[100,119],"New":[101],"South":[102],"Wales,":[103],"Australia":[104],"Duck,":[106,122],"North":[107],"Carolina,":[108],"USA.":[109],"Three":[110],"different":[111],"models":[113,146],"are":[114],"examined,":[115],"one":[116,120,124,249],"trained":[117,125,139,156,247],"at":[118,121,126,133,149,176,221,225,248,254],"both":[127,222],"locations.":[128],"Each":[129],"model":[130,189,246],"was":[131,138,154,169,191],"tested":[132,148],"location":[135,151,250],"where":[136,152],"it":[137,153],"self-test,":[142],"single-beach":[145],"were":[147,284],"not":[155],"transfer-test.":[159],"For":[160,184],"self-tests,":[162],"skill":[163,190],"(as":[164],"measured":[165],"by":[166,193],"F-score)":[168],"comparable":[170,210],"expert":[172],"agreement":[173],"(CNN":[174],"F-values":[175],"Duck":[177],"=":[178,182],"0.80":[179],"Narrabeen":[181],"0.59).":[183],"transfer-tests,":[186],"reduced":[192],"24\u201348%,":[194],"suggesting":[195],"algorithm":[197],"requires":[198],"additional":[199,242],"local":[200],"data":[201,231,261],"improve":[203],"transferability":[204],"performance.":[205],"Transferability":[206],"tests":[207],"showed":[208],"F-scores":[211],"(within":[212],"10%)":[213],"self-trained":[216],"cases":[217],"achieved":[220],"locations":[223],"when":[224],"least":[226],"25%":[227],"training":[230],"each":[234],"site.":[235],"suggests":[237],"if":[239],"applied":[240],"locations,":[243],"may":[251],"skillful":[253],"sites":[256],"with":[257,286],"limited":[258],"needed.":[262],"Finally,":[263],"visualization":[266],"(Guided-Grad-CAM)":[268],"confirmed":[269],"determined":[273],"classifications":[274],"image":[276],"regions":[277],"(e.g.,":[278],"incised":[279],"rip":[280],"channels,":[281],"terraces)":[282],"consistent":[285],"labelling":[289],"rules.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2020-12-07T00:00:00"}
