{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3102644185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223726","title":"Influence of LiDAR Point Cloud Density in the Geometric Characterization of Rooftops for Solar Photovoltaic Studies in Cities","display_name":"Influence of LiDAR Point Cloud Density in the Geometric Characterization of Rooftops for Solar Photovoltaic Studies in Cities","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3102644185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223726","mag":"3102644185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12223726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223726","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/22/3726/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/22/3726/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021471876","display_name":"Mar\u00eda S\u00e1nchez-Aparicio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-9561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda S\u00e1nchez-Aparicio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros, 50, 05003 \u00c1vila, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros, 50, 05003 \u00c1vila, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057882277","display_name":"Susana Del Pozo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4869-3742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susana Del Pozo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros, 50, 05003 \u00c1vila, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4869-3742","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros, 50, 05003 \u00c1vila, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073967235","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio Mart\u00edn-Jim\u00e9nez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-9386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Antonio Mart\u00edn-Jim\u00e9nez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros, 50, 05003 \u00c1vila, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-9386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros, 50, 05003 \u00c1vila, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028152686","display_name":"Enrique Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8025-2464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros, 50, 05003 \u00c1vila, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8025-2464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros, 50, 05003 \u00c1vila, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000857693","display_name":"Paula Andr\u00e9s-Anaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-3260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paula Andr\u00e9s-Anaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros, 50, 05003 \u00c1vila, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros, 50, 05003 \u00c1vila, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091178677","display_name":"S. Lag\u00fcela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susana Lag\u00fcela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros, 50, 05003 \u00c1vila, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3864","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros, 50, 05003 \u00c1vila, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021471876"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.682,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67463206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"22","first_page":"3726","last_page":"3726"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8500357270240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.746163010597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.6131675243377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6085619926452637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4964764714241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.459003210067749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3326437473297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.22238415479660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2162388563156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.20734742283821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12795120477676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.07810398936271667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8500357270240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.746163010597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.6131675243377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6085619926452637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4964764714241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.459003210067749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3326437473297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.22238415479660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2162388563156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.20734742283821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12795120477676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.07810398936271667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12223726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223726","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/22/3726/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e065c30436a149898bf87c7144e0e7b0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e065c30436a149898bf87c7144e0e7b0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 22, p 3726 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/22/3726/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12223726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12223726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223726","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/22/3726/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5765176529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTC-2017-6291-3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316194","display_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Iberdrola Espa\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/0030ewy42"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3102644185.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574059304","https://openalex.org/W1984207302","https://openalex.org/W2004433018","https://openalex.org/W2019997048","https://openalex.org/W2055569426","https://openalex.org/W2074693620","https://openalex.org/W2117218580","https://openalex.org/W2117966692","https://openalex.org/W2151631165","https://openalex.org/W2155524176","https://openalex.org/W2193879634","https://openalex.org/W2301399535","https://openalex.org/W2496759915","https://openalex.org/W2553099687","https://openalex.org/W2742692613","https://openalex.org/W2750857672","https://openalex.org/W2900223549","https://openalex.org/W2900346782","https://openalex.org/W2911892655","https://openalex.org/W2944432649","https://openalex.org/W2947292611","https://openalex.org/W2962708399","https://openalex.org/W2972286407","https://openalex.org/W2979751309","https://openalex.org/W2982002282","https://openalex.org/W2986129999","https://openalex.org/W2991397249","https://openalex.org/W2999766874","https://openalex.org/W3010857226","https://openalex.org/W3029636260","https://openalex.org/W3035752277","https://openalex.org/W3036347340","https://openalex.org/W3043305460","https://openalex.org/W3048458324","https://openalex.org/W3049351146","https://openalex.org/W3049675877","https://openalex.org/W3084146410","https://openalex.org/W6996693790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W2594043982","https://openalex.org/W3036493597","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W3011451421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,92,119,179],"use":[1,137,154,180],"of":[2,12,16,32,53,69,82,85,87,108,138,150,155,181,191,223,231],"LiDAR":[3,38,67,100],"(Light":[4],"Detection":[5],"and":[6,58,76,89,131,236],"Ranging)":[7],"data":[8,39,68,93,101,226],"for":[9,25,49,79,95,125],"the":[10,13,30,50,80,83,96,99,105,116,136,148,151,153,170,192,195,201,205,215,220,244,247],"definition":[11],"3D":[14],"geometry":[15],"roofs":[17,86,126,224],"has":[18],"been":[19],"widely":[20],"exploited":[21],"in":[22,29,37,147,169,200,207],"recent":[23],"years":[24],"its":[26],"posterior":[27],"application":[28],"field":[31],"solar":[33],"energy.":[34],"Point":[35],"density":[36,160,208,230],"is":[40,112,218],"an":[41,128,189],"essential":[42],"characteristic":[43],"to":[44,115],"be":[45],"taken":[46],"into":[47],"account":[48],"accurate":[51],"estimation":[52,149],"roof":[54],"geometry:":[55],"area,":[56,152],"orientation":[57],"slope.":[59],"This":[60],"paper":[61],"presents":[62,144],"a":[63,166],"comparative":[64],"study":[65,97],"between":[66],"different":[70,123],"point":[71,140,156,183,229,239],"densities:":[72],"0.5,":[73],"1,":[74],"2":[75,163,212,234],"14":[77],"points/m2":[78],"measurement":[81],"area":[84,129,171],"residential":[88],"industrial":[90],"buildings.":[91],"used":[94],"are":[98],"freely":[102],"available":[103],"by":[104],"Spanish":[106],"Institute":[107],"Geography":[109],"(IGN),":[110],"which":[111],"offered":[113],"according":[114],"INSPIRE":[117],"Directive.":[118],"results":[120,245],"obtained":[121],"show":[122],"behaviors":[124],"with":[127,158,173,228,246],"below":[130],"over":[132],"200":[133],"m2.":[134],"While":[135],"low-density":[139],"clouds":[141,157,184],"(0.5":[142],"point/m2)":[143],"significant":[145,175],"errors":[146],"higher":[159,238],"(1":[161],"or":[162,211,233],"points/m2)":[164,186],"implies":[165,188],"great":[167],"improvement":[168,190],"results,":[172,193],"no":[174],"difference":[176],"among":[177],"them.":[178],"high-density":[182],"(14":[185],"also":[187],"although":[194],"accuracy":[196],"does":[197],"not":[198,242],"increase":[199,206,252],"same":[202,248],"ratio":[203],"as":[204,250],"regarding":[209],"1":[210,232],"points/m2.":[213],"Thus,":[214],"conclusion":[216],"reached":[217],"that":[219,237],"geometrical":[221],"characterization":[222],"requires":[225],"acquisition":[227],"points/m2,":[235],"densities":[240],"do":[241],"improve":[243],"intensity":[249],"they":[251],"computation":[253],"time.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}