{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3086533300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12213630","title":"EFN: Field-Based Object Detection for Aerial Images","display_name":"EFN: Field-Based Object Detection for Aerial Images","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3086533300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12213630","mag":"3086533300"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12213630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12213630","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/21/3630/pdf?version=1604571046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/21/3630/pdf?version=1604571046","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100327006","display_name":"Jin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5727-6874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018131347","display_name":"Haokun Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9270-7975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haokun Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100327006"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.9025,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74058779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"21","first_page":"3630","last_page":"3630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7632485628128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.7186613082885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7115955352783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6213600635528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6143395304679871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.5828609466552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5388076305389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-image","display_name":"Aerial image","score":0.5342190861701965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ellipse","display_name":"Ellipse","score":0.5337541699409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4100561738014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3767617344856262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3554217517375946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14349332451820374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7632485628128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.7186613082885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7115955352783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6213600635528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6143395304679871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.5828609466552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5388076305389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688011","display_name":"Aerial image","level":3,"score":0.5342190861701965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74261601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40112","display_name":"Ellipse","level":2,"score":0.5337541699409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4100561738014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3767617344856262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3554217517375946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14349332451820374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12213630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12213630","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/21/3630/pdf?version=1604571046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b98d6d1e52e49ea99ed0303375b18b5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b98d6d1e52e49ea99ed0303375b18b5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 21, p 3630 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/21/3630/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12213630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 21; Pages: 3630","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12213630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12213630","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/21/3630/pdf?version=1604571046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1118925001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41271454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2329592701","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.41771457","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3086533300.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3086533300.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1239233946","https://openalex.org/W1594676769","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1932624639","https://openalex.org/W2000221897","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2137234026","https://openalex.org/W2144506857","https://openalex.org/W2145889472","https://openalex.org/W2186094539","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2307770531","https://openalex.org/W2341497066","https://openalex.org/W2400138547","https://openalex.org/W2407521645","https://openalex.org/W2512351403","https://openalex.org/W2520951797","https://openalex.org/W2532752915","https://openalex.org/W2556967412","https://openalex.org/W2559085405","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2577537809","https://openalex.org/W2593539516","https://openalex.org/W2593886839","https://openalex.org/W2607013913","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2613825824","https://openalex.org/W2725486421","https://openalex.org/W2735165202","https://openalex.org/W2738612274","https://openalex.org/W2755226765","https://openalex.org/W2756626859","https://openalex.org/W2770184303","https://openalex.org/W2787614951","https://openalex.org/W2788202095","https://openalex.org/W2798925380","https://openalex.org/W2803946774","https://openalex.org/W2804451008","https://openalex.org/W2808360995","https://openalex.org/W2810004461","https://openalex.org/W2899101283","https://openalex.org/W2899149423","https://openalex.org/W2899594603","https://openalex.org/W2903141337","https://openalex.org/W2908320224","https://openalex.org/W2949395449","https://openalex.org/W2950762923","https://openalex.org/W2951548327","https://openalex.org/W2953106684","https://openalex.org/W2956134899","https://openalex.org/W2962730651","https://openalex.org/W2962749812","https://openalex.org/W2962921175","https://openalex.org/W2963516811","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2964294787","https://openalex.org/W2964979676","https://openalex.org/W2966307781","https://openalex.org/W2967073193","https://openalex.org/W2975194617","https://openalex.org/W2991359031","https://openalex.org/W3099008583","https://openalex.org/W3104282073","https://openalex.org/W3106228955","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W6631782140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W2962677013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Object":[0],"detection":[1],"and":[2,6,40,101,112,129,138,155,180],"recognition":[3],"in":[4,15,21,161,176],"aerial":[5,177],"remote":[7],"sensing":[8],"images":[9,26,154],"has":[10,79],"become":[11],"a":[12,31,55,80,89,119,157,183],"hot":[13],"topic":[14],"the":[16,34,52,70,106,110,127,142,148,162],"field":[17,93],"of":[18,109,136,150,159],"computer":[19],"vision":[20],"recent":[22],"years.":[23],"As":[24],"these":[25],"are":[27,41],"usually":[28],"taken":[29],"from":[30],"bird\u2019s-eye":[32],"view,":[33],"targets":[35],"often":[36],"have":[37],"different":[38],"shapes":[39],"densely":[42],"arranged.":[43],"Therefore,":[44],"using":[45],"an":[46,75],"oriented":[47,76,115],"bounding":[48,77,116],"box":[49,67,78],"to":[50,96],"mark":[51],"target":[53,111],"is":[54,62],"mainstream":[56],"choice.":[57],"However,":[58],"this":[59,85],"general":[60],"method":[61,72,90,125],"designed":[63],"based":[64],"on":[65,126,152],"horizontal":[66],"annotation,":[68],"while":[69],"improved":[71],"for":[73],"detecting":[74],"high":[81],"computational":[82],"complexity.":[83],"In":[84],"paper,":[86],"we":[87,145],"propose":[88],"called":[91],"ellipse":[92],"network":[94],"(EFN)":[95],"organically":[97],"integrate":[98],"semantic":[99],"segmentation":[100],"object":[102],"detection.":[103],"It":[104],"predicts":[105],"probability":[107],"distribution":[108],"obtains":[113],"accurate":[114],"boxes":[117],"through":[118],"post-processing":[120],"step.":[121],"We":[122],"tested":[123,147],"our":[124],"HRSC2016":[128],"DOTA":[130],"data":[131,164],"sets,":[132],"achieving":[133],"mAP":[134,158],"values":[135],"0.863":[137],"0.701,":[139],"respectively.":[140],"At":[141],"same":[143],"time,":[144],"also":[146],"performance":[149],"EFN":[151,171],"natural":[153,188],"obtained":[156],"84.7":[160],"VOC2012":[163],"set.":[165],"These":[166],"extensive":[167],"experiments":[168],"demonstrate":[169],"that":[170],"can":[172,181],"achieve":[173],"state-of-the-art":[174],"results":[175],"image":[178],"tests":[179],"obtain":[182],"good":[184],"score":[185],"when":[186],"considering":[187],"images.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2020-09-21T00:00:00"}
