{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094306397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12203364","title":"Bathymetric Inversion and Uncertainty Estimation from Synthetic Surf-Zone Imagery with Machine Learning","display_name":"Bathymetric Inversion and Uncertainty Estimation from Synthetic Surf-Zone Imagery with Machine Learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094306397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12203364","mag":"3094306397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12203364","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12203364","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/20/3364/pdf?version=1609392267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/20/3364/pdf?version=1609392267","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023415544","display_name":"Adam Collins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3852-1509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153901656","display_name":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","ror":"https://ror.org/02t0qr014","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87303767","display_name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adam Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 1261 Duck Rd, Duck, NC 27949, USA","Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of North Carolina-Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28405, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3852-1509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 1261 Duck Rd, Duck, NC 27949, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87303767","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of North Carolina-Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28405, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018254254","display_name":"Katherine Brodie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1945-5112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87303767","display_name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine Brodie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 1261 Duck Rd, Duck, NC 27949, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1945-5112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 1261 Duck Rd, Duck, NC 27949, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87303767","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008164614","display_name":"A. Spicer Bak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87303767","display_name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Spicer Bak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 1261 Duck Rd, Duck, NC 27949, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-5409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 1261 Duck Rd, Duck, NC 27949, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87303767","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005471427","display_name":"Tyler Hesser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-5544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87303767","display_name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyler Hesser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-5544","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87303767","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025591123","display_name":"Matthew W. Farthing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7301-6359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87303767","display_name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Farthing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7301-6359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87303767","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626471","display_name":"Jonghyun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-2915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonghyun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawai\u2019i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-2915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawai\u2019i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078442663","display_name":"Joseph W. Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-1992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153901656","display_name":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","ror":"https://ror.org/02t0qr014","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of North Carolina-Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28405, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-1992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of North Carolina-Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28405, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023415544"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153901656","https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I87303767"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.8818,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97170782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"20","first_page":"3364","last_page":"3364"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bathymetry","display_name":"Bathymetry","score":0.8732573390007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surf-zone","display_name":"Surf zone","score":0.7563501596450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5252903699874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5208685398101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5194134712219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.4990885257720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4301132261753082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.41527581214904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2591012716293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.12461522221565247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174943157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810826","display_name":"Bathymetry","level":2,"score":0.8732573390007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152303270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7645899","display_name":"Surf zone","level":2,"score":0.7563501596450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5252903699874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5208685398101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5194134712219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.4990885257720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4301132261753082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.41527581214904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2591012716293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.12461522221565247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12203364","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12203364","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/20/3364/pdf?version=1609392267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5bccb5f1acd3455d8f4235dab8363ff5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5bccb5f1acd3455d8f4235dab8363ff5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 20, p 3364 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/20/3364/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 20; Pages: 3364","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12203364","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12203364","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/20/3364/pdf?version=1609392267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528870396","https://openalex.org/W1532362218","https://openalex.org/W1665508004","https://openalex.org/W1673396041","https://openalex.org/W1683298234","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1933102239","https://openalex.org/W1986837469","https://openalex.org/W1988344569","https://openalex.org/W2033630816","https://openalex.org/W2033922649","https://openalex.org/W2035195019","https://openalex.org/W2045540986","https://openalex.org/W2053374642","https://openalex.org/W2055662189","https://openalex.org/W2059100021","https://openalex.org/W2070022366","https://openalex.org/W2070267519","https://openalex.org/W2075047580","https://openalex.org/W2090411326","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2097131037","https://openalex.org/W2098437527","https://openalex.org/W2100197705","https://openalex.org/W2104970949","https://openalex.org/W2106913415","https://openalex.org/W2108677974","https://openalex.org/W2111051539","https://openalex.org/W2116263569","https://openalex.org/W2118203371","https://openalex.org/W2127302668","https://openalex.org/W2127538960","https://openalex.org/W2131367288","https://openalex.org/W2132414639","https://openalex.org/W2133480851","https://openalex.org/W2135455570","https://openalex.org/W2158581396","https://openalex.org/W2161832420","https://openalex.org/W2163923250","https://openalex.org/W2171103210","https://openalex.org/W2171375275","https://openalex.org/W2237585666","https://openalex.org/W2330997063","https://openalex.org/W2334562924","https://openalex.org/W2411239331","https://openalex.org/W2418946128","https://openalex.org/W2512993725","https://openalex.org/W2517167331","https://openalex.org/W2550035833","https://openalex.org/W2569163765","https://openalex.org/W2760340275","https://openalex.org/W2783709100","https://openalex.org/W2790062324","https://openalex.org/W2794954404","https://openalex.org/W2801986188","https://openalex.org/W2807899410","https://openalex.org/W2884654623","https://openalex.org/W2888997655","https://openalex.org/W2899479761","https://openalex.org/W2910489404","https://openalex.org/W2913485255","https://openalex.org/W2913788362","https://openalex.org/W2917154924","https://openalex.org/W2942389611","https://openalex.org/W2946881091","https://openalex.org/W2956044892","https://openalex.org/W2963488291","https://openalex.org/W2964037936","https://openalex.org/W2964059111","https://openalex.org/W2967969599","https://openalex.org/W2969235408","https://openalex.org/W2983672157","https://openalex.org/W2993499344","https://openalex.org/W3000464638","https://openalex.org/W3013110732","https://openalex.org/W3020511888","https://openalex.org/W3022730539","https://openalex.org/W3030366294","https://openalex.org/W3032205925","https://openalex.org/W3040525591","https://openalex.org/W3046402802","https://openalex.org/W3094636137","https://openalex.org/W4210494755","https://openalex.org/W4237151101","https://openalex.org/W4243323428","https://openalex.org/W4388322351","https://openalex.org/W6631413253","https://openalex.org/W6660254288","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6743806954","https://openalex.org/W6750438185","https://openalex.org/W6756040250","https://openalex.org/W6757107679","https://openalex.org/W6784269616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391311960","https://openalex.org/W2793357704","https://openalex.org/W4386617716","https://openalex.org/W2184765375","https://openalex.org/W3152163876","https://openalex.org/W773765100","https://openalex.org/W3129210863","https://openalex.org/W4200200374","https://openalex.org/W3154655306","https://openalex.org/W2077212692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Resolving":[0],"surf-zone":[1],"bathymetry":[2,59],"from":[3,60],"high-resolution":[4],"imagery":[5,43,113,124,146,174],"typically":[6],"involves":[7],"measuring":[8],"wave":[9,19,64,84,99,105,177],"speeds":[10],"and":[11,101,197],"performing":[12],"a":[13,49,81,90],"physics-based":[14],"inversion":[15],"process":[16],"using":[17,144],"linear":[18],"theory,":[20],"or":[21],"data":[22],"assimilation":[23],"techniques":[24,191],"which":[25,76,94,179],"combine":[26],"multiple":[27],"remotely":[28],"sensed":[29],"parameters":[30],"with":[31,157],"numerical":[32],"models.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"work,":[36],"we":[37,67],"explored":[38,68,188],"what":[39],"types":[40,111],"of":[41,63,73,98,104,112,161,208],"coastal":[42],"can":[44,77,114],"be":[45,78,115],"best":[46,155],"utilized":[47],"in":[48,175,181,184],"2-dimensional":[50],"fully":[51],"convolutional":[52],"neural":[53],"network":[54,149],"to":[55,117,143,199],"directly":[56],"estimate":[57,118],"nearshore":[58,119],"optical":[61],"expressions":[62,103],"kinematics.":[65],"Specifically,":[66],"utilizing":[69],"time-averaged":[70],"images":[71],"(timex)":[72],"the":[74,122,130,133,136,154,167,172,205],"surf-zone,":[75],"used":[79,116],"as":[80,86,88],"proxy":[82],"for":[83],"dissipation,":[85],"well":[87],"including":[89],"single-frame":[91,123,173],"image":[92],"input,":[93],"has":[95],"visible":[96],"patterns":[97],"refraction":[100],"instantaneous":[102],"breaking.":[106],"Our":[107],"results":[108],"show":[109],"both":[110,151],"bathymetry.":[120],"However,":[121],"provides":[125],"more":[126],"complete":[127],"information":[128,169,203],"across":[129],"domain,":[131],"decreasing":[132],"error":[134],"over":[135],"test":[137],"set":[138],"by":[139,171],"approximately":[140],"10%":[141],"relative":[142],"timex":[145],"alone.":[147],"A":[148],"incorporating":[150],"inputs":[152],"had":[153],"performance,":[156],"an":[158],"overall":[159],"root-mean-squared-error":[160],"0.39":[162],"m.":[163],"Activation":[164],"maps":[165],"demonstrate":[166],"additional":[168,201],"provided":[170],"non-breaking":[176],"areas":[178],"aid":[180],"prediction.":[182,211],"Uncertainty":[183],"model":[185],"predictions":[186],"is":[187],"through":[189],"three":[190],"(Monte":[192],"Carlo":[193],"(MC)":[194],"dropout,":[195],"infer-transformation,":[196],"infer-noise)":[198],"provide":[200],"actionable":[202],"about":[204],"spatial":[206],"reliability":[207],"each":[209],"bathymetric":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}