{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081638962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12203305","title":"VddNet: Vine Disease Detection Network Based on Multispectral Images and Depth Map","display_name":"VddNet: Vine Disease Detection Network Based on Multispectral Images and Depth Map","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081638962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12203305","mag":"3081638962"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12203305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12203305","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/20/3305/pdf?version=1602838792","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/20/3305/pdf?version=1602838792","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohamed Kerkech","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4323-5913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12449238","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Orl\u00e9ans","ror":"https://ror.org/014zrew76","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096782","display_name":"Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, M\u00e9canique et Energ\u00e9tique","ror":"https://ror.org/00sbth994","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782","https://openalex.org/I4210143826"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Kerkech","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSA-CVL, University of Orl\u00e9ans, PRISME, EA 4229, F18022 Bourges, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4323-5913","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSA-CVL, University of Orl\u00e9ans, PRISME, EA 4229, F18022 Bourges, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Adel Hafiane","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12449238","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Orl\u00e9ans","ror":"https://ror.org/014zrew76","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096782","display_name":"Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, M\u00e9canique et Energ\u00e9tique","ror":"https://ror.org/00sbth994","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782","https://openalex.org/I4210143826"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel Hafiane","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSA-CVL, University of Orl\u00e9ans, PRISME, EA 4229, F18022 Bourges, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSA-CVL, University of Orl\u00e9ans, PRISME, EA 4229, F18022 Bourges, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Raphael Canals","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9100-7539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12449238","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Orl\u00e9ans","ror":"https://ror.org/014zrew76","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096782","display_name":"Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, M\u00e9canique et Energ\u00e9tique","ror":"https://ror.org/00sbth994","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782","https://openalex.org/I4210143826"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raphael Canals","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSA-CVL, University of Orl\u00e9ans, PRISME, EA 4229, F45072 Orl\u00e9ans, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9100-7539","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSA-CVL, University of Orl\u00e9ans, PRISME, EA 4229, F45072 Orl\u00e9ans, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.8735,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96570508,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"20","first_page":"3305","last_page":"3305"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.5565999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.5565999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.36500000953674316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11796","display_name":"Horticultural and Viticultural Research","score":0.012000000104308128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthophoto","display_name":"Orthophoto","score":0.7803000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.7102000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5947999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4296000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-image","display_name":"Aerial image","score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3508000075817108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8047000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922585","display_name":"Orthophoto","level":2,"score":0.7803000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.7102000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6815999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5947999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4296000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688011","display_name":"Aerial image","level":3,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781214258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917284","display_name":"Vine","level":2,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12203305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12203305","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/20/3305/pdf?version=1602838792","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.01708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.01708","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.01708","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03192131v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03192131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 2072-4292","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:05161b6c698043f0b94186e898b57436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/05161b6c698043f0b94186e898b57436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 20, p 3305 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/20/3305/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12203305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12203305","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/20/3305/pdf?version=1602838792","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3081638962.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3081638962.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487583988","https://openalex.org/W1994589990","https://openalex.org/W1995463142","https://openalex.org/W2035759078","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2103959917","https://openalex.org/W2107918911","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2149946514","https://openalex.org/W2175379786","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2293491734","https://openalex.org/W2508836678","https://openalex.org/W2525742695","https://openalex.org/W2541120896","https://openalex.org/W2559870345","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2563812708","https://openalex.org/W2573527268","https://openalex.org/W2582348499","https://openalex.org/W2598591505","https://openalex.org/W2610415195","https://openalex.org/W2620829025","https://openalex.org/W2755766995","https://openalex.org/W2786538427","https://openalex.org/W2789255992","https://openalex.org/W2791784832","https://openalex.org/W2801303530","https://openalex.org/W2802484952","https://openalex.org/W2807039230","https://openalex.org/W2883113516","https://openalex.org/W2887045155","https://openalex.org/W2887311010","https://openalex.org/W2895994027","https://openalex.org/W2901380936","https://openalex.org/W2904509436","https://openalex.org/W2904904022","https://openalex.org/W2906082851","https://openalex.org/W2906321005","https://openalex.org/W2920018594","https://openalex.org/W2943955917","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2966363081","https://openalex.org/W2968563099","https://openalex.org/W2979383053","https://openalex.org/W2982381523","https://openalex.org/W2988228695","https://openalex.org/W2992003696","https://openalex.org/W2994866182","https://openalex.org/W2995187556","https://openalex.org/W2998096882","https://openalex.org/W3013510824","https://openalex.org/W3024616358","https://openalex.org/W3026388681","https://openalex.org/W3033463646","https://openalex.org/W3034261299","https://openalex.org/W3035982802","https://openalex.org/W3041151671","https://openalex.org/W4250805229","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6684578138","https://openalex.org/W6720898849","https://openalex.org/W6729657291","https://openalex.org/W6748481559","https://openalex.org/W6757847117"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vine":[0,96],"pathologies":[1],"generate":[2],"several":[3],"economic":[4],"and":[5,29,39,114,120,124,146,168,185],"environmental":[6],"problems,":[7],"causing":[8],"serious":[9],"difficulties":[10],"for":[11,55,82],"the":[12,24,46,61,117,122,141,148,161,196,201,208,216,228],"viticultural":[13],"activity.":[14],"The":[15,152,170,193],"early":[16],"detection":[17],"of":[18,26,32,48,80,144,195],"vine":[19,27],"disease":[20,57,83],"can":[21],"significantly":[22],"improve":[23],"control":[25],"diseases":[28],"avoid":[30],"spread":[31],"virus":[33],"or":[34],"fungi.":[35],"Currently,":[36],"remote":[37],"sensing":[38],"artificial":[40],"intelligence":[41],"technologies":[42],"are":[43],"emerging":[44],"in":[45,63],"field":[47],"precision":[49],"agriculture.":[50],"They":[51],"offer":[52],"interesting":[53],"potential":[54],"crop":[56],"management.":[58],"However,":[59],"despite":[60],"advances":[62],"these":[64],"technologies,":[65,69],"particularly":[66],"deep":[67,92,171],"learning":[68,93,172],"many":[70,220],"problems":[71],"still":[72],"present":[73,89],"considerable":[74],"challenges,":[75],"such":[76],"as":[77],"semantic":[78],"segmentation":[79],"images":[81,145],"mapping.":[84],"In":[85],"this":[86,212],"paper,":[87],"we":[88],"a":[90,126],"new":[91],"architecture":[94,154,198,203],"called":[95],"Disease":[97],"Detection":[98],"Network":[99],"(VddNet).":[100],"It":[101],"is":[102,136,155],"based":[103],"on":[104,176],"three":[105,142],"parallel":[106],"auto-encoders":[107],"integrating":[108],"different":[109],"information":[110,188],"(i.e.,":[111],"visible,":[112],"infrared":[113],"depth).":[115],"Then,":[116],"decoder":[118],"reconstructs":[119],"retrieves":[121],"features,":[123],"assigns":[125],"class":[127],"to":[128,139,223],"each":[129],"output":[130],"pixel.":[131],"An":[132],"orthophotos":[133],"registration":[134],"method":[135,218],"also":[137],"proposed":[138,153,197,217],"align":[140],"types":[143],"enable":[147],"processing":[149],"by":[150,157],"VddNet.":[151],"assessed":[156],"comparing":[158],"it":[159],"with":[160],"most":[162],"known":[163],"architectures:":[164],"SegNet,":[165],"U-Net,":[166],"DeepLabv3+":[167],"PSPNet.":[169],"architectures":[173],"were":[174],"trained":[175],"multispectral":[177],"data":[178],"from":[179,190],"an":[180],"unmanned":[181],"aerial":[182],"vehicle":[183],"(UAV)":[184],"depth":[186],"map":[187],"extracted":[189],"3D":[191],"processing.":[192],"results":[194],"show":[199],"that":[200,215,225],"VddNet":[202],"achieves":[204],"higher":[205],"scores":[206],"than":[207],"baseline":[209],"methods.":[210],"Moreover,":[211],"study":[213],"demonstrates":[214],"has":[219],"advantages":[221],"compared":[222],"methods":[224],"directly":[226],"use":[227],"UAV":[229],"images.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2020-09-08T00:00:00"}
