{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3091994966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193234","title":"Precise Orbit Determination of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) Using Onboard GPS and BDS Observations","display_name":"Precise Orbit Determination of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) Using Onboard GPS and BDS Observations","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3091994966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193234","mag":"3091994966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12193234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193234","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/19/3234/pdf?version=1602169810","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/19/3234/pdf?version=1602169810","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089025075","display_name":"Yun Qing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90149893","display_name":"China Earthquake Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/045sza929","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Qing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy, Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Wuhan 430071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy, Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Wuhan 430071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101955714","display_name":"Jian Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8216-5746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90149893","display_name":"China Earthquake Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/045sza929","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy, Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Wuhan 430071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy, Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Wuhan 430071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355695","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7442-5149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7442-5149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046374416","display_name":"Xiaolei Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3865-7940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolei Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045616921","display_name":"Yidong Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2675-5677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yidong Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004868931","display_name":"Shengfeng Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6004-5938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengfeng Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6004-5938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101955714"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":11.8957,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97909405,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"19","first_page":"3234","last_page":"3234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10110","display_name":"earthquake and tectonic studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.7748733162879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit-determination","display_name":"Orbit determination","score":0.6955579519271851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6052767038345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","score":0.5938277840614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.5515680313110352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geostationary-orbit","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","score":0.5395135283470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5390628576278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.5036448836326599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occultation","display_name":"Occultation","score":0.43607717752456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medium-earth-orbit","display_name":"Medium Earth orbit","score":0.43034467101097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.32760319113731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.324899822473526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.28783664107322693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24182793498039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15415748953819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.08497780561447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.07457596063613892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06722772121429443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.7748733162879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107768556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302660","display_name":"Orbit determination","level":3,"score":0.6955579519271851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6052767038345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5938277840614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.5515680313110352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16405173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192316","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","level":3,"score":0.5395135283470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5390628576278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.5036448836326599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131040042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202746","display_name":"Occultation","level":2,"score":0.43607717752456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199301463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218414","display_name":"Medium Earth orbit","level":4,"score":0.43034467101097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32760319113731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.324899822473526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.28783664107322693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24182793498039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15415748953819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.08497780561447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.07457596063613892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06722772121429443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12193234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193234","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/19/3234/pdf?version=1602169810","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0e44dac2ba96428fbbd1a44030a3522a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0e44dac2ba96428fbbd1a44030a3522a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 19, p 3234 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/19/3234/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12193234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193234","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/19/3234/pdf?version=1602169810","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5852370810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41704026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3091994966.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88995560","https://openalex.org/W1746454357","https://openalex.org/W1813537582","https://openalex.org/W1985925792","https://openalex.org/W1989056366","https://openalex.org/W1990939458","https://openalex.org/W1994202426","https://openalex.org/W2022302773","https://openalex.org/W2033589987","https://openalex.org/W2034736140","https://openalex.org/W2045989154","https://openalex.org/W2055617600","https://openalex.org/W2081233191","https://openalex.org/W2097398748","https://openalex.org/W2140050818","https://openalex.org/W2583167042","https://openalex.org/W2609725555","https://openalex.org/W2610082812","https://openalex.org/W2796835877","https://openalex.org/W2796906819","https://openalex.org/W2798120433","https://openalex.org/W2801430671","https://openalex.org/W2900539890","https://openalex.org/W2900780000","https://openalex.org/W2902076194","https://openalex.org/W2902473858","https://openalex.org/W2903324302","https://openalex.org/W6622153793","https://openalex.org/W6659068978"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2286863940","https://openalex.org/W2786457034","https://openalex.org/W2533269008","https://openalex.org/W2080383902","https://openalex.org/W2461450765","https://openalex.org/W4385385640","https://openalex.org/W4389789039","https://openalex.org/W2058936832","https://openalex.org/W4327663258","https://openalex.org/W2382820484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,98,193],"Global":[1],"Navigation":[2],"Satellite":[3,12],"System":[4],"(GNSS)":[5],"occultation":[6],"receiver":[7],"onboard":[8],"the":[9,27,35,102,130,153,161,180,197,231],"China":[10],"Seismo-Electromagnetic":[11],"(CSES)":[13],"can":[14,200,225],"provide":[15],"dual-frequency":[16,234],"observations":[17],"for":[18,70,216],"both":[19],"GPS":[20,48,62,96,135,207],"and":[21,30,133,136,167,173,189,211],"BDS-2":[22],"satellites.":[23,63,84],"In":[24],"this":[25],"study,":[26],"data":[28,40],"quality":[29],"orbit":[31,86,103,147,154,162,199],"determination":[32,87],"performance":[33,224],"of":[34,42,55,76,89,165,233],"CSES":[36,90,124],"are":[37,126,170,186,214],"assessed.":[38],"Severe":[39],"loss":[41],"about":[43],"30%":[44],"is":[45,91,220],"observed":[46],"in":[47,52,113,176],"P2/L2":[49],"data,":[50],"resulting":[51],"only":[53],"11%":[54],"epochs":[56,77],"possessing":[57],"six":[58],"to":[59,65,110],"eight":[60],"useful":[61,82],"Due":[64],"fewer":[66],"channels":[67,213],"being":[68],"allocated":[69,215],"BDS":[71,83,131,137,144,158,217],"signals,":[72,218],"less":[73],"than":[74,80],"5%":[75],"have":[78],"more":[79],"three":[81],"Precise":[85],"(POD)":[88],"firstly":[92],"carried":[93],"out":[94],"using":[95],"data.":[97,138],"results":[99,194],"indicate":[100],"that":[101,142,196,205,222],"overlap":[104,163],"differences":[105,164,181],"improved":[106,228],"from":[107,129],"3.65":[108],"cm":[109,112,172,175,188],"2.8":[111],"3D":[114],"root":[115],"mean":[116],"square":[117],"(RMS)":[118],"by":[119,229],"antenna":[120],"phase":[121],"center":[122],"correction.":[123],"orbits":[125],"then":[127],"derived":[128],"only,":[132],"combined":[134,168],"BDS-based":[139,166],"POD":[140,169,185,223],"indicates":[141],"adding":[143],"geostationary":[145],"Earth":[146],"(GEO)":[148],"satellites":[149],"could":[150],"dramatically":[151],"degrade":[152],"accuracy.":[155],"When":[156],"excluding":[157],"GEO":[159],"satellites,":[160],"23.68":[171],"2.73":[174],"3D,":[177],"respectively,":[178],"while":[179],"compared":[182],"with":[183],"GPS-based":[184],"14.83":[187],"1.05":[190],"cm,":[191],"respectively.":[192],"suggest":[195],"obtained":[198],"satisfy":[201],"centimeter-level":[202],"requirements.":[203],"Given":[204],"large":[206],"tracking":[208],"losses":[209],"occurred":[210],"few":[212],"it":[219],"expected":[221],"be":[226],"further":[227],"increasing":[230],"number":[232],"observations.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
