{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3089720372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193208","title":"UAV-Borne LiDAR Crop Point Cloud Enhancement Using Grasshopper Optimization and Point Cloud Up-Sampling Network","display_name":"UAV-Borne LiDAR Crop Point Cloud Enhancement Using Grasshopper Optimization and Point Cloud Up-Sampling Network","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3089720372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193208","mag":"3089720372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12193208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193208","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/19/3208/pdf?version=1601545058","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/19/3208/pdf?version=1601545058","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067601292","display_name":"Jian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-618X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-618X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101854252","display_name":"Zichao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0065-7374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zichao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0065-7374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323920","display_name":"Kai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-857X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046436128","display_name":"Shubo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4932-5338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shubo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4932-5338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088044243","display_name":"Yu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6711-530X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Water Resources &amp; Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6711-530X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Water Resources &amp; Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088044243"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":0.5673,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60452403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"19","first_page":"3208","last_page":"3208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.643220067024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.5989611148834229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.578971803188324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.5214073657989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5211860537528992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4933067858219147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4602780044078827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.4511966407299042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3288269639015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3261672854423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.30454176664352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18485456705093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07604214549064636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.643220067024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.5989611148834229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.578971803188324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.5214073657989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5211860537528992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4933067858219147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4602780044078827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.4511966407299042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3288269639015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3261672854423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.30454176664352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18485456705093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07604214549064636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12193208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193208","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/19/3208/pdf?version=1601545058","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3a8ba3cb7e0c4153bba2d78ea425be7e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3a8ba3cb7e0c4153bba2d78ea425be7e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 19, p 3208 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/19/3208/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 19; Pages: 3208","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12193208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193208","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/19/3208/pdf?version=1601545058","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6006264290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51979275","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3089720372.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3089720372.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1196729470","https://openalex.org/W1969434292","https://openalex.org/W2007825452","https://openalex.org/W2009517297","https://openalex.org/W2053131209","https://openalex.org/W2071635229","https://openalex.org/W2109364787","https://openalex.org/W2133820918","https://openalex.org/W2169611956","https://openalex.org/W2296230805","https://openalex.org/W2297395784","https://openalex.org/W2342846291","https://openalex.org/W2585392941","https://openalex.org/W2737765291","https://openalex.org/W2776226778","https://openalex.org/W2784398087","https://openalex.org/W2883299834","https://openalex.org/W2904250082","https://openalex.org/W2963103847","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963680153","https://openalex.org/W2970444953","https://openalex.org/W3011863796","https://openalex.org/W3044069308","https://openalex.org/W3082776374","https://openalex.org/W3143800388","https://openalex.org/W3160759224","https://openalex.org/W4300630906","https://openalex.org/W6676058556","https://openalex.org/W6684816334","https://openalex.org/W6697634807","https://openalex.org/W6991848616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W4390887692","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Because":[0],"of":[1,6,24,96,111,123,195,207,217,223],"low":[2],"accuracy":[3],"and":[4,19,29,40,60,90,119,157,199],"density":[5,44,162,193,222],"crop":[7,146,152,209,225],"point":[8,42,153,196,210,226],"clouds":[9],"obtained":[10],"by":[11,82,166],"the":[12,35,73,79,84,101,105,108,120,133,145,151,161,167,176,180,183,208,215,221,224],"Unmanned":[13],"Aerial":[14],"Vehicle":[15],"(UAV)-borne":[16],"Light":[17],"Detection":[18],"Ranging":[20],"(LiDAR)":[21],"scanning":[22,139],"system":[23,53,56,85,140],"UAV,":[25],"an":[26,136],"integrated":[27,58,134],"navigation":[28,55,59],"positioning":[30,52,61],"optimization":[31,37,170],"method":[32,46,64],"based":[33,65],"on":[34,66,132],"grasshopper":[36],"algorithm":[38,164,172],"(GOA)":[39],"a":[41,50,67],"cloud":[43,154,197,211,227],"enhancement":[45,194],"were":[47,113,125,212],"proposed.":[48],"Firstly,":[49],"global":[51],"(GPS)/inertial":[54],"(INS)":[57],"information":[62],"fusion":[63],"Kalman":[68,97,106],"filter":[69],"was":[70,75,141,155,173,190,228],"constructed.":[71],"Then,":[72],"GOA":[74],"employed":[76,174],"to":[77,115,127,175,200],"find":[78],"optimal":[80,102],"solution":[81,103],"iterating":[83],"noise":[86,92],"variance":[87,93],"matrix":[88,94],"Q":[89],"measurement":[91],"R":[95],"filter.":[98],"By":[99],"feeding":[100],"into":[104,159],"filter,":[107],"error":[109,121],"variances":[110,122],"longitude":[112],"reduced":[114,126],"0.00046":[116],"from":[117,129],"0.0091,":[118],"latitude":[124],"0.00034":[128],"0.0047.":[130],"Based":[131],"navigation,":[135],"UAV-borne":[137],"LiDAR":[138],"built":[142],"for":[143,192],"obtaining":[144],"point.":[147],"During":[148],"offline":[149],"processing,":[150],"filtered":[156],"transformed":[158],"WGS-84,":[160],"clustering":[163,177,181],"improved":[165],"particle":[168],"swarm":[169],"(PSO)":[171],"segment.":[178],"After":[179],"segment,":[182],"pre-trained":[184],"Point":[185],"Cloud":[186],"Up-Sampling":[187],"Network":[188],"(PU-net)":[189],"used":[191],"data":[198],"carry":[201],"out":[202],"three-dimensional":[203],"reconstruction.":[204],"The":[205],"features":[206],"kept":[213],"under":[214],"processing":[216],"reconstruction":[218],"model;":[219],"meanwhile,":[220],"quadrupled.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
