{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3090082674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193186","title":"Building Extraction from Airborne Multi-Spectral LiDAR Point Clouds Based on Graph Geometric Moments Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Building Extraction from Airborne Multi-Spectral LiDAR Point Clouds Based on Graph Geometric Moments Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3090082674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193186","mag":"3090082674"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12193186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193186","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/19/3186/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/19/3186/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018474596","display_name":"Dilong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dilong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-5568","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100624450","display_name":"Xin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9692-822X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9692-822X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065937604","display_name":"Yongtao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7204-9346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153869","display_name":"Huaiyin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0555ezg60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongtao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7204-9346","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035056634","display_name":"Haiyan Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3691-8721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyan Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science &amp; Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science &amp; Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613889","display_name":"Jonathan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7899-0049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7899-0049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029635562","display_name":"Guo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3987-5336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3987-5336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070369693","display_name":"Deren Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7277-6356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deren Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100624450"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":2.1887,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86633663,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"19","first_page":"3186","last_page":"3186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.839142918586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7604045271873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6256753206253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5922813415527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5418686270713806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.49419358372688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4779508113861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.47215983271598816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.41950860619544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.41261106729507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33698081970214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32024598121643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2911829948425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08877682685852051}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.839142918586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7604045271873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6256753206253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5922813415527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5418686270713806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.49419358372688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4779508113861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.47215983271598816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.41950860619544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.41261106729507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33698081970214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32024598121643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2911829948425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08877682685852051}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12193186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193186","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/19/3186/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d2943f4d67764ee685eefd80a380381d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d2943f4d67764ee685eefd80a380381d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 19, p 3186 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/19/3186/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 19; Pages: 3186","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12193186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193186","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/19/3186/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2013456745","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u8f66\u8f7dLiDAR\u70b9\u4e91\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u5b89\u5168\u8981\u7d20\u4fe1\u606f\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u63d0\u53d6\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41971414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6049083278","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XYDXX-098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326182","funder_display_name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6168908700","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u5149\u8c31LiDAR\u6570\u636e\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u5355\u6728\u63d0\u53d6\u4e0e\u6811\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41671454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326182","display_name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3090082674.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3090082674.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1611818215","https://openalex.org/W1970097244","https://openalex.org/W1986522259","https://openalex.org/W1994513823","https://openalex.org/W1994699846","https://openalex.org/W1997678218","https://openalex.org/W2001951615","https://openalex.org/W2022773386","https://openalex.org/W2029625183","https://openalex.org/W2035062046","https://openalex.org/W2035184119","https://openalex.org/W2041997809","https://openalex.org/W2042474941","https://openalex.org/W2045010718","https://openalex.org/W2054091530","https://openalex.org/W2055755574","https://openalex.org/W2061064077","https://openalex.org/W2065738167","https://openalex.org/W2083024210","https://openalex.org/W2086936614","https://openalex.org/W2089525768","https://openalex.org/W2093791800","https://openalex.org/W2104525659","https://openalex.org/W2104775941","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2125107731","https://openalex.org/W2130722170","https://openalex.org/W2132480024","https://openalex.org/W2139482290","https://openalex.org/W2145618333","https://openalex.org/W2146880335","https://openalex.org/W2150089019","https://openalex.org/W2159498975","https://openalex.org/W2164976328","https://openalex.org/W2203107005","https://openalex.org/W2300635092","https://openalex.org/W2410126783","https://openalex.org/W2620689612","https://openalex.org/W2742216498","https://openalex.org/W2884723012","https://openalex.org/W2885739804","https://openalex.org/W2891567162","https://openalex.org/W2911319109","https://openalex.org/W2922416509","https://openalex.org/W2950642167","https://openalex.org/W2963053547","https://openalex.org/W2963509914","https://openalex.org/W2979750740","https://openalex.org/W2981199548","https://openalex.org/W3012015905","https://openalex.org/W3012494314","https://openalex.org/W3032851427","https://openalex.org/W3037788579","https://openalex.org/W3041331580","https://openalex.org/W3099768387","https://openalex.org/W6747904511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W1667647204","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W2404647514","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Building":[0],"extraction":[1,42,64,163],"has":[2],"attracted":[3],"much":[4],"attentions":[5],"for":[6,11,62,193],"decades":[7],"as":[8],"a":[9,17,48,56,71,107,126,161,204,208],"prerequisite":[10],"many":[12],"applications":[13],"and":[14,25,38,50,85,100,142,159,170,216,234,240],"is":[15,46,60,75,113,138],"still":[16,47],"challenging":[18,51],"topic":[19],"in":[20],"the":[21,30,79,103,117,147,157,167,173,200,232,237],"field":[22],"of":[23,32,121,206,210,214,222,236],"photogrammetry":[24],"remote":[26],"sensing.":[27],"Due":[28],"to":[29,77,115,140],"lack":[31],"spectral":[33],"information,":[34],"massive":[35],"data":[36,88],"processing,":[37],"approach":[39],"universality,":[40],"building":[41,63,144],"from":[43,65],"point":[44,66,122,177,194],"clouds":[45,178],"thorny":[49],"problem.":[52],"In":[53,124],"this":[54],"paper,":[55],"novel":[57],"deep-learning-based":[58],"framework":[59,158,169,239],"proposed":[61,76,114,139,168,238],"cloud":[67,195],"data.":[68],"Specifically,":[69],"first,":[70],"sample":[72],"generation":[73],"method":[74,198],"split":[78],"raw":[80],"preprocessed":[81],"multi-spectral":[82,175],"light":[83],"detection":[84],"ranging":[86],"(LiDAR)":[87],"into":[89,96,156],"numerous":[90],"samples,":[91],"which":[92,190],"are":[93,191],"directly":[94],"fed":[95,155],"convolutional":[97,135],"neural":[98,136],"networks":[99],"completely":[101],"cover":[102],"original":[104],"inputs.":[105],"Then,":[106],"graph":[108],"geometric":[109,119],"moments":[110],"(GGM)":[111],"convolution":[112],"encode":[116],"local":[118],"structure":[120],"sets.":[123],"addition,":[125],"hierarchical":[127],"architecture":[128],"equipped":[129],"with":[130,150,186,203],"GGM":[131,134],"convolution,":[132],"called":[133],"networks,":[137,189],"train":[141],"recognize":[143],"points.":[145],"Finally,":[146],"test":[148,226],"scenes":[149],"varying":[151],"sizes":[152],"can":[153],"be":[154],"obtain":[160],"point-wise":[162],"result.":[164],"We":[165],"evaluate":[166],"methods":[171],"on":[172,224],"airborne":[174],"LiDAR":[176],"collected":[179],"by":[180],"an":[181,212,217],"Optech":[182],"Titan":[183],"system.":[184],"Compared":[185],"previous":[187],"state-of-the-art":[188],"designed":[192],"segmentation,":[196],"our":[197],"achieves":[199],"best":[201],"performance":[202],"correctness":[205],"95.1%,":[207],"completeness":[209],"93.7%,":[211],"F-measure":[213],"94.4%,":[215],"intersection":[218],"over":[219],"union":[220],"(IoU)":[221],"89.5%":[223],"two":[225],"areas.":[227],"The":[228],"experimental":[229],"results":[230],"confirm":[231],"effectiveness":[233],"efficiency":[235],"methods.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-27T08:26:11.824852","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
