{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088206389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193115","title":"A Novel Coarse-to-Fine Method of Ship Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images Based on a Deep Residual Dense Network","display_name":"A Novel Coarse-to-Fine Method of Ship Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images Based on a Deep Residual Dense Network","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088206389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193115","mag":"3088206389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12193115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193115","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/19/3115/pdf?version=1600848761","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/19/3115/pdf?version=1600848761","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028495424","display_name":"Liqiong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5058-0523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liqiong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5058-0523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050371622","display_name":"Wenxuan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9193-3185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxuan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9193-3185","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090656144","display_name":"Cien Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4973-6444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cien Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050199771","display_name":"Lian Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9090-1782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lian Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109303609","display_name":"Dexiang Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dexiang Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109303609"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.9124,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89336701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"19","first_page":"3115","last_page":"3115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7944338321685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panchromatic-film","display_name":"Panchromatic film","score":0.7691144347190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.7646234631538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6625387072563171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.6056225299835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4948720335960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4752863645553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.47033223509788513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4673517048358917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.45058131217956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.44960126280784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","score":0.42904549837112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.42185717821121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.34568488597869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.29944461584091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1656033992767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1080954372882843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08169913291931152}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7944338321685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107445234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280995","display_name":"Panchromatic film","level":3,"score":0.7691144347190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.7646234631538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6625387072563171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.6056225299835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4948720335960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4752863645553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.47033223509788513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4673517048358917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.45058131217956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44960126280784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.42904549837112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.42185717821121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.34568488597869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.29944461584091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1656033992767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1080954372882843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08169913291931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12193115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193115","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/19/3115/pdf?version=1600848761","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0f194f60270f45239f97e7f9f831b0ed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0f194f60270f45239f97e7f9f831b0ed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 19, p 3115 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/19/3115/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 19; Pages: 3115","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12193115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193115","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/19/3115/pdf?version=1600848761","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4876769683","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.61501334","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G813379199","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61501334","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3088206389.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3088206389.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1970782782","https://openalex.org/W2002330476","https://openalex.org/W2003059629","https://openalex.org/W2064094295","https://openalex.org/W2077509829","https://openalex.org/W2100503224","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2122524329","https://openalex.org/W2137782143","https://openalex.org/W2161427135","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2352461231","https://openalex.org/W2442495293","https://openalex.org/W2465132919","https://openalex.org/W2562541885","https://openalex.org/W2562706821","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2596246567","https://openalex.org/W2607434602","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2617965156","https://openalex.org/W2736722881","https://openalex.org/W2738406060","https://openalex.org/W2744690378","https://openalex.org/W2747165560","https://openalex.org/W2762294195","https://openalex.org/W2781905570","https://openalex.org/W2788202095","https://openalex.org/W2794634263","https://openalex.org/W2805750825","https://openalex.org/W2904480641","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2973531547","https://openalex.org/W2992240579","https://openalex.org/W2993693427","https://openalex.org/W2997822866","https://openalex.org/W2998974772","https://openalex.org/W2999146065","https://openalex.org/W3037440390","https://openalex.org/W3099008583","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W6642922893","https://openalex.org/W6677934236","https://openalex.org/W6682889407"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158394102","https://openalex.org/W1930929277","https://openalex.org/W2361746014","https://openalex.org/W1502637513","https://openalex.org/W2124952510","https://openalex.org/W2375311607","https://openalex.org/W2022261651","https://openalex.org/W2565514930","https://openalex.org/W4385690043","https://openalex.org/W3007156798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"ship":[1,24,64,101,121],"detection":[2,25,65,199],"in":[3,17,192],"optical":[4],"remote":[5],"sensing":[6],"images":[7,86,113],"is":[8,96,153],"of":[9,54,149,174,179],"great":[10],"significance":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,31,80,98,132,155],"its":[14],"broad":[15],"applications":[16],"maritime":[18],"security":[19],"and":[20,34,45,48,73,92,141,152,176,196],"fishery":[21],"control.":[22],"Most":[23],"algorithms":[26],"utilize":[27],"a":[28,61,74],"single-band":[29],"image":[30,194],"design":[32],"low-level":[33],"hand-crafted":[35],"features,":[36],"which":[37,167],"are":[38,87,118],"easily":[39],"influenced":[40],"by":[41],"interference":[42],"like":[43],"clouds":[44],"strong":[46],"waves":[47],"not":[49],"robust":[50],"for":[51,89,120],"large-scale":[52],"variation":[53],"ships.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"paper,":[58],"we":[59,124,161],"propose":[60,125],"novel":[62],"coarse-to-fine":[63],"method":[66,188],"based":[67],"on":[68],"discrete":[69],"wavelet":[70],"transform":[71],"(DWT)":[72],"deep":[75],"residual":[76,128,139],"dense":[77,129],"network":[78],"(DRDN)":[79],"address":[81],"these":[82],"problems.":[83],"First,":[84],"multi-spectral":[85],"adopted":[88],"sea-land":[90],"segmentation,":[91],"an":[93],"enhanced":[94],"DWT":[95],"employed":[97],"quickly":[99],"extract":[100,134],"candidate":[102],"regions":[103],"with":[104,114],"missing":[105],"alarms":[106],"as":[107,109],"low":[108],"possible.":[110],"Second,":[111],"panchromatic":[112],"clear":[115],"spatial":[116],"details":[117],"used":[119],"classification.":[122],"Specifically,":[123],"the":[126,163,170,186],"local":[127,138],"block":[130],"(LRDB)":[131],"fully":[133],"semantic":[135],"feature":[136],"via":[137],"connection":[140],"densely":[142],"connected":[143],"convolutional":[144],"layers.":[145],"DRDN":[146],"mainly":[147],"consists":[148],"four":[150],"LRDBs":[151],"designed":[154],"further":[156],"remove":[157],"false":[158],"alarms.":[159],"Furthermore,":[160],"exploit":[162],"multiclass":[164],"classification":[165],"strategy,":[166],"can":[168],"overcome":[169],"large":[171],"intra-class":[172],"difference":[173],"targets":[175],"identify":[177],"ships":[178],"different":[180],"sizes.":[181],"Extensive":[182],"experiments":[183],"demonstrate":[184],"that":[185],"proposed":[187],"has":[189],"high":[190],"robustness":[191],"complex":[193],"backgrounds":[195],"achieves":[197],"higher":[198],"accuracy":[200],"than":[201],"other":[202],"state-of-the-art":[203],"methods.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}