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SINCE TEMPERATURE IS A PRIMARY FACTOR AFFECTING THE RATE OF CROP DEVELOPMENT  METEOROLOGICAL DATA AND PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR) WILL BE INCORPORATED INTO THE YIELD MODELS. WE WILL ADVANCE THE CURRENT SCIENCE BY ESTIMATING UNCERTAINTIES OF CROP YIELD ESTIMATES  AS PREVIOUS APPROACHES USUALLY DO NOT REPORT ASSOCIATED UNCERTAINTIES. FOR THIS  WE WILL UTILIZE NON-LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS BASED ON GAUSSIAN PROCESSES (GPS) THAT PRODUCE BOTH THE ESTIMATE AND ITS UNCERTAINTY. INCORPORATION OF MICROWAVE DATA FROM SENTINEL-1 WILL BE PERFORMED BY INVERSION OF THE RADAR SIGNAL IN MULTIPLE POLARIZATIONS TO THE BIOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS  USING THE SEMI-EMPIRICAL WATER CLOUD MODEL (WCM). SARDERIVED PARAMETERS  SUCH AS LAI  CAN BE USED AS A BASIS FOR INTEGRATING WITH OPTICAL-DERIVED PARAMETERS USED FOR CROP YIELD MAPPING. CROP TYPE AND CROP YIELD MAPS WILL BE GENERATED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS (WITH AREA RANGING FROM 28 000 TO 308 000 SQ. KM) FOR 7 COUNTRIES (ARGENTINA  CANADA  FRANCE  SOUTH AFRICA  TANZANIA  UKRAINE AND US). WE WILL VALIDATE THESE REGIONAL PRODUCTS AT REGIONAL AND FIELD SCALES FOR TEST SITES IN THESE COUNTRIES  EXHIBITING DIFFERENT AGRICULTURE PRACTICES AND CONDITIONS (FIELD SIZES: 0.5 HA TO 500 HA  YIELD RANGE: 1.5 T/HA TO 10 T/HA) WHERE THE THREE MAJOR CROPS ARE GROWN AND WHERE WE HAVE VALIDATION DATA AND STRONG PARTNER COLLABORATION. THE PROJECT WILL WORK WITH INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATORS WHO ARE ACTIVELY INVOLVED IN CROP MONITORING  USING LANDSAT-8 AND SENTINEL-1/2 DATA. THE INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION WILL FOCUS ON THE EVALUATION AND VALIDATION OF THE PRODUCTS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE GEOGLAM PROGRAM. THE NEW PRODUCTS OF CROP MAPS AND CROP YIELD MAPS WILL HAVE A NUMBER OF POTENTIAL USERS FROM LOCAL AUTHORITIES DEALING WITH FOOD SECURITY  FARMERS TO ADDRESS AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (E.G. YIELD GAPS) AND INSURANCE COMPANIES CONCERNED WITH FARM YIELD INSURANCE CONTRACTS.","funder_award_id":"80NSSC18K0336","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322037","display_name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05qk3ge34"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3088677876.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3088677876.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966845328","https://openalex.org/W1990503995","https://openalex.org/W2003469195","https://openalex.org/W2011500029","https://openalex.org/W2565950292","https://openalex.org/W2578830027","https://openalex.org/W2890137203","https://openalex.org/W2912067133","https://openalex.org/W2914321566","https://openalex.org/W2952142982","https://openalex.org/W2989460518","https://openalex.org/W3036695605","https://openalex.org/W6641849199"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W101745730","https://openalex.org/W2353625363","https://openalex.org/W2070557315","https://openalex.org/W7759790","https://openalex.org/W2740926310","https://openalex.org/W2326065431","https://openalex.org/W2333653566","https://openalex.org/W2175197012","https://openalex.org/W20165974","https://openalex.org/W2059760192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3],"simple":[4],"and":[5,34,54,144],"efficient":[6],"image":[7],"processing":[8],"method":[9,45,119],"for":[10,141],"estimating":[11],"the":[12,18,30,41,49,55,66,99,103,124,133],"number":[13,107],"of":[14,51,65,92,102,108],"coconut":[15,75],"trees":[16,110],"in":[17,29],"Tonga":[19,126,143],"region":[20,101],"using":[21,62],"very":[22],"high":[23],"spatial":[24],"resolution":[25],"data":[26],"(30":[27],"cm)":[28],"blue,":[31],"green,":[32],"red":[33],"near":[35],"infrared":[36],"spectral":[37],"bands":[38],"acquired":[39],"by":[40,73,79,128],"WorldView-3":[42],"sensor.":[43],"The":[44,69,106,117],"is":[46,71],"based":[47],"on":[48],"detection":[50,61],"tree":[52,76,139],"shadows":[53],"further":[56],"analysis":[57],"to":[58,132],"reject":[59],"false":[60],"geometrical":[63],"properties":[64],"derived":[67,78],"segments.":[68],"algorithm":[70],"evaluated":[72,122],"comparing":[74,129],"counts":[77,140],"an":[80],"expert":[81],"through":[82],"photo-interpretation":[83],"over":[84,98,123],"57":[85],"randomly":[86],"distributed":[87],"(4%":[88],"sampling":[89],"rate)":[90],"segments":[91],"200":[93,96],"m":[94,97],"\u00d7":[95],"Vaini":[100],"Tongatapu":[104,145],"island.":[105],"detected":[109],"agreed":[111,146],"within":[112,147],"5%":[113],"versus":[114],"validation":[115],"data.":[116],"proposed":[118],"was":[120],"also":[121],"whole":[125],"archipelago":[127],"satellite-derived":[130],"estimates":[131],"2015":[134],"agricultural":[135],"census":[136],"data\u2014the":[137],"total":[138],"both":[142],"3%.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}