{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3089217810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183107","title":"Evaluation of the Significant Wave Height Data Quality for the Sentinel-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter","display_name":"Evaluation of the Significant Wave Height Data Quality for the Sentinel-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3089217810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183107","mag":"3089217810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12183107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183107","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/18/3107/pdf?version=1600840150","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/18/3107/pdf?version=1600840150","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089369813","display_name":"Yong Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0839-6738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yong Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, No. 66, Changjiangxi Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0839-6738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, No. 66, Changjiangxi Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063447956","display_name":"Rongjuan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongjuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, No. 66, Changjiangxi Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, No. 66, Changjiangxi Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101453155","display_name":"Xiaodong Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1222-6464"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Environmental Monitoring Center of Wenzhou, The State Oceanic Administration, No. 2, Xinanjiang Road, Wenzhou Avenue, Wenzhou 325000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Environmental Monitoring Center of Wenzhou, The State Oceanic Administration, No. 2, Xinanjiang Road, Wenzhou Avenue, Wenzhou 325000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072563820","display_name":"Chenqing Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8719-3615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenqing Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Office of The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 6, Xianxia Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Office of The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 6, Xianxia Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017396320","display_name":"Yongshou Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongshou Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, No. 66, Changjiangxi Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, No. 66, Changjiangxi Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089369813"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":0.4491,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61078447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"18","first_page":"3107","last_page":"3107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altimeter","display_name":"Altimeter","score":0.8342335224151611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7483524680137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-altimeter","display_name":"Radar altimeter","score":0.7321774363517761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7102616429328918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buoy","display_name":"Buoy","score":0.6716344356536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/significant-wave-height","display_name":"Significant wave height","score":0.5655255913734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5580193400382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/submarine-pipeline","display_name":"Submarine pipeline","score":0.5141139626502991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.43162980675697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-height","display_name":"Wave height","score":0.421906054019928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"Data quality","score":0.41736355423927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-height","display_name":"Sea-surface height","score":0.4172295331954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.40802910923957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-wave","display_name":"Wind wave","score":0.330380916595459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3204587996006012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.18876969814300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.08917790651321411}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17534553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197","display_name":"Altimeter","level":2,"score":0.8342335224151611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7483524680137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1104030","display_name":"Radar altimeter","level":3,"score":0.7321774363517761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7102616429328918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779847632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30026","display_name":"Buoy","level":2,"score":0.6716344356536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85910571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2674049","display_name":"Significant wave height","level":3,"score":0.5655255913734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5580193400382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162284963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106102","display_name":"Submarine pipeline","level":2,"score":0.5141139626502991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.43162980675697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70620910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821563","display_name":"Wave height","level":2,"score":0.421906054019928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.41736355423927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142672198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7076157","display_name":"Sea-surface height","level":3,"score":0.4172295331954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40802910923957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165082838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165848","display_name":"Wind wave","level":2,"score":0.330380916595459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3204587996006012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.18876969814300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08917790651321411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12183107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183107","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/18/3107/pdf?version=1600840150","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b6f1e81d12174d7cb28b11333cffb6d7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b6f1e81d12174d7cb28b11333cffb6d7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 18, p 3107 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/18/3107/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12183107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 18; Pages: 3107","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12183107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183107","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/18/3107/pdf?version=1600840150","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326483","display_name":"European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3089217810.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3089217810.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990408652","https://openalex.org/W1997689768","https://openalex.org/W2002177889","https://openalex.org/W2021111784","https://openalex.org/W2032366730","https://openalex.org/W2080895613","https://openalex.org/W2092488323","https://openalex.org/W2111527601","https://openalex.org/W2142700542","https://openalex.org/W2149696780","https://openalex.org/W2172212599","https://openalex.org/W2392253449","https://openalex.org/W2392359382","https://openalex.org/W2525711383","https://openalex.org/W2736681790","https://openalex.org/W2891695527","https://openalex.org/W2901760925","https://openalex.org/W2949432076","https://openalex.org/W2950767230","https://openalex.org/W2955715489","https://openalex.org/W2990325113","https://openalex.org/W3000629123","https://openalex.org/W3003267861"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091909192","https://openalex.org/W4311758679","https://openalex.org/W2983603732","https://openalex.org/W2083996321","https://openalex.org/W2886592498","https://openalex.org/W2046415381","https://openalex.org/W753956010","https://openalex.org/W2148707163","https://openalex.org/W2970446002","https://openalex.org/W2188839768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Synthetic":[0],"aperture":[1],"radar":[2,39],"(SAR)":[3],"altimeters":[4],"represent":[5],"a":[6,30,71,79,251],"new":[7],"method":[8],"of":[9,19,29,84,173,179,210,220,246,257],"microwave":[10],"remote":[11],"sensing":[12],"for":[13,253],"ocean":[14],"wave":[15,99],"observations.":[16],"The":[17,33,61,126],"adoption":[18],"SAR":[20,46],"technology":[21],"in":[22,45,82,105,141,181,214,228,261],"the":[23,27,37,49,67,114,122,154,165,188,202,207,211,237,254],"azimuthal":[24],"direction":[25],"has":[26,75],"advantage":[28],"high":[31,160],"resolution.":[32],"Sentinel-3":[34,68,95,127,155,212,258],"altimeter":[35,40,213],"is":[36,131,158,192,224,242],"first":[38],"to":[41,53,77,134],"acquire":[42],"global":[43,72],"observations":[44],"mode;":[47],"hence,":[48],"data":[50,102,112,129,190,240,260],"quality":[51,130],"needs":[52],"be":[54],"assessed":[55],"before":[56],"extensively":[57],"applying":[58],"these":[59],"data.":[60,146],"European":[62],"Space":[63],"Agency":[64],"(ESA)":[65],"evaluates":[66],"accuracy":[69,157,191,241],"on":[70],"scale":[73],"but":[74,227],"yet":[76],"perform":[78],"detailed":[80],"analysis":[81],"terms":[83],"different":[85,89,135],"offshore":[86,136,262],"distances":[87,137],"and":[88,96,108,118,121,138,161,168,176,198,266],"water":[90,139,166,196,218,231,264,269],"depths.":[91],"In":[92,147],"this":[93],"paper,":[94],"Jason-2":[97,144,238],"significant":[98],"height":[100],"(SWH)":[101],"are":[103],"matched":[104],"both":[106],"time":[107],"space":[109],"with":[110,143,205,217,233],"buoy":[111],"from":[113],"United":[115],"States":[116],"East":[117],"West":[119],"Coasts":[120],"Central":[123],"Pacific":[124],"Ocean.":[125],"SWH":[128,145,156,189,239,259],"evaluated":[132],"according":[133],"depths":[140,219],"comparison":[142],"areas":[148,182,216,232,265],"more":[149],"than":[150,184,244],"50":[151,185],"km":[152,186],"offshore,":[153,187],"generally":[159],"less":[162,183],"affected":[163,194],"by":[164,195],"depth":[167,197],"sea":[169,199,235],"conditions":[170,200],"(root-mean-square":[171],"error":[172],"0.28":[174],"m":[175,223],"correlation":[177],"coefficient":[178],"0.98);":[180],"slightly":[193],"(especially":[201],"former).":[203],"Compared":[204],"Jason-2,":[206],"observation":[208],"ability":[209],"nearshore":[215,267],"0":[221],"m-500":[222],"greatly":[225],"improved,":[226],"some":[229],"deep":[230,263],"stable":[234],"conditions,":[236],"higher":[243],"that":[245],"Sentinel-3.":[247],"This":[248],"work":[249],"provides":[250],"reference":[252],"refined":[255],"application":[256],"shallow":[268],"areas.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2020-10-01T00:00:00"}