{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088730194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183074","title":"Comparison of Measured Surface Currents from High Frequency (HF) and X-Band Radar in a Marine Protected Coastal Area of the Ligurian Sea: Toward an Integrated Monitoring System","display_name":"Comparison of Measured Surface Currents from High Frequency (HF) and X-Band Radar in a Marine Protected Coastal Area of the Ligurian Sea: Toward an Integrated Monitoring System","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088730194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183074","mag":"3088730194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12183074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183074","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/18/3074/pdf?version=1600687440","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/18/3074/pdf?version=1600687440","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080935008","display_name":"Lyuba Novi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099513","display_name":"Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/015bmra78","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099513","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyuba Novi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG) National Research Council (CNR) Via Moruzzi, 1-56124 Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG) National Research Council (CNR) Via Moruzzi, 1-56124 Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099513","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011692807","display_name":"F. Raffa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-8846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099513","display_name":"Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/015bmra78","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099513","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Raffa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG) National Research Council (CNR) Via Moruzzi, 1-56124 Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-8846","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG) National Research Council (CNR) Via Moruzzi, 1-56124 Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099513","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030139540","display_name":"Francesco Serafino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-8668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Serafino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE) National Research Council (CNR) Via Madonna del Piano, 10-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-8668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE) National Research Council (CNR) Via Madonna del Piano, 10-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011692807"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099513","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.7627,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68459061,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"18","first_page":"3074","last_page":"3074"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7304975986480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6975825428962708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/submarine-pipeline","display_name":"Submarine pipeline","score":0.5366736054420471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.5170934200286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-band","display_name":"X band","score":0.4725843667984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.46731656789779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-radar","display_name":"Wave radar","score":0.4406648278236389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-band","display_name":"Frequency band","score":0.4299975037574768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-band","display_name":"C band","score":0.4191092252731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3895052671432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.29471784830093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.2864798903465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14415991306304932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.1366218626499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11450788378715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1069304347038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.09147712588310242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.08501598238945007}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7304975986480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6975825428962708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162284963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106102","display_name":"Submarine pipeline","level":2,"score":0.5366736054420471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.5170934200286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99936299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190763","display_name":"X band","level":2,"score":0.4725843667984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.46731656789779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207699401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17034239","display_name":"Wave radar","level":5,"score":0.4406648278236389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110567","display_name":"Frequency band","level":3,"score":0.4299975037574768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63944557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27786604","display_name":"C band","level":2,"score":0.4191092252731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3895052671432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.29471784830093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.2864798903465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14415991306304932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.1366218626499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11450788378715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1069304347038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09147712588310242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.08501598238945007}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12183074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183074","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/18/3074/pdf?version=1600687440","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:71f768e06a0443d1a3da3bf817d1f00f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/71f768e06a0443d1a3da3bf817d1f00f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 18, p 3074 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/18/3074/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12183074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 18; Pages: 3074","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12183074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183074","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/18/3074/pdf?version=1600687440","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3088730194.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3088730194.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520159085","https://openalex.org/W1559065145","https://openalex.org/W1994547425","https://openalex.org/W2004818859","https://openalex.org/W2011203919","https://openalex.org/W2027030283","https://openalex.org/W2032840391","https://openalex.org/W2070564760","https://openalex.org/W2107446060","https://openalex.org/W2125441934","https://openalex.org/W2125906128","https://openalex.org/W2152508638","https://openalex.org/W2157730826","https://openalex.org/W2157789748","https://openalex.org/W2159131115","https://openalex.org/W2165914149","https://openalex.org/W2515165602","https://openalex.org/W2516659717","https://openalex.org/W2565985556","https://openalex.org/W2606255513","https://openalex.org/W2790193306","https://openalex.org/W2807544333","https://openalex.org/W3013286639","https://openalex.org/W4298292486","https://openalex.org/W6731339158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309995041","https://openalex.org/W3130023189","https://openalex.org/W2394300292","https://openalex.org/W2310154204","https://openalex.org/W2186859426","https://openalex.org/W2017313058","https://openalex.org/W2902355115","https://openalex.org/W2122837107","https://openalex.org/W1578103974","https://openalex.org/W2186116352"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"different":[1,85],"ground-based":[2],"remote":[3],"sensing":[4],"instruments":[5],"can":[6],"be":[7],"used":[8],"for":[9],"the":[10,19,25,46,54,57,77,83,97,104,107,110],"near-real-time":[11],"monitoring":[12],"of":[13,45,76,109],"surface":[14,79],"waves":[15],"and":[16,24,40],"currents,":[17,80],"namely":[18],"high":[20],"frequency":[21],"HF":[22,30],"radar":[23,112],"microwave":[26],"X-band":[27,58],"radar.":[28],"The":[29,90],"system":[31,59],"reaches":[32],"larger":[33],"offshore":[34,68],"distances":[35],"at":[36],"lower":[37],"spatial":[38,63],"resolutions":[39,64],"provides":[41,72],"a":[42,66,73,93],"poorer":[43],"measurement":[44],"wave-induced":[47],"currents":[48],"in":[49,106],"very":[50],"shallow":[51],"waters.":[52],"On":[53],"other":[55],"hand,":[56],"achieves":[60],"significantly":[61],"higher":[62],"with":[65,99],"smaller":[67],"coverage.":[69],"This":[70],"study":[71],"preliminary":[74],"comparison":[75,91],"measured":[78],"obtained":[81],"by":[82],"two":[84,111],"tools":[86],"where":[87],"they":[88],"overlap.":[89],"showed":[92],"good":[94],"agreement":[95],"between":[96],"measures":[98],"some":[100],"discrepancies":[101],"ascribable":[102],"to":[103],"difference":[105],"characteristics":[108],"technologies.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}