{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3089378420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183035","title":"Detection of a Moving UAV Based on Deep Learning-Based Distance Estimation","display_name":"Detection of a Moving UAV Based on Deep Learning-Based Distance Estimation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3089378420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183035","mag":"3089378420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12183035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/18/3035/pdf?version=1600337776","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/18/3035/pdf?version=1600337776","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070822115","display_name":"Ying\u2010Chih Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3471-3290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Chih Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics and Aeronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3471-3290","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics and Aeronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035917411","display_name":"Zong-Ying Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zong-Ying Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics and Aeronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics and Aeronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070822115"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":2.212,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88719832,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"18","first_page":"3035","last_page":"3035"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8232101798057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.787827730178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6948937773704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.5582940578460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5423771142959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.4929323196411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4880598783493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4866660237312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45764416456222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41672247648239136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.23788252472877502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09704586863517761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8232101798057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.787827730178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6948937773704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.5582940578460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5423771142959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.4929323196411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4880598783493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4866660237312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45764416456222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41672247648239136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.23788252472877502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09704586863517761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12183035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/18/3035/pdf?version=1600337776","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b8bf76fd705441c98d3180e42dae7aa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b8bf76fd705441c98d3180e42dae7aa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 18, p 3035 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/18/3035/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12183035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 18; Pages: 3035","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12183035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/18/3035/pdf?version=1600337776","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4261041135","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 108-2221-E-006-071-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6433446491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"108-2221-E-006-071-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G737106015","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 108-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324663","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3089378420.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3089378420.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W1674505557","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1928912497","https://openalex.org/W2006619020","https://openalex.org/W2019400639","https://openalex.org/W2072866698","https://openalex.org/W2099355420","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2277694696","https://openalex.org/W2560132651","https://openalex.org/W2565776924","https://openalex.org/W2567347102","https://openalex.org/W2605995529","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2615277952","https://openalex.org/W2765322173","https://openalex.org/W2765393545","https://openalex.org/W2794789185","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2886271031","https://openalex.org/W2888997752","https://openalex.org/W2892072988","https://openalex.org/W2896338507","https://openalex.org/W2896811747","https://openalex.org/W2897884082","https://openalex.org/W2919011445","https://openalex.org/W2922374759","https://openalex.org/W2923395910","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2977248885","https://openalex.org/W3015468802","https://openalex.org/W3037670729","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4232354546"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W2949096641","https://openalex.org/W2969228573","https://openalex.org/W2970686063","https://openalex.org/W4320729701","https://openalex.org/W2963690996","https://openalex.org/W4254103348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distance":[0],"information":[1],"of":[2,22,30,48,57,89,130,136],"an":[3,70,78,90],"obstacle":[4,8],"is":[5,59,75,83,99,139,149,163,191],"important":[6],"for":[7],"avoidance":[9,56],"in":[10,126],"many":[11],"applications,":[12],"and":[13,50,53,68,81,114,145,172,178,195,204],"could":[14],"be":[15],"used":[16],"to":[17,43,66,85,122,151,155,193],"determine":[18],"the":[19,28,87,102,127,142,152,157,186],"potential":[20],"risk":[21],"object":[23,96,108,158],"collision.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"study,":[27],"detection":[29,97,202],"a":[31,45,63,197],"moving":[32,131,198],"fixed-wing":[33,92,137],"unmanned":[34],"aerial":[35],"vehicle":[36],"(UAV)":[37],"with":[38,200],"deep":[39],"learning-based":[40],"distance":[41,88,128,153,206],"estimation":[42,129],"conduct":[44],"feasibility":[46],"study":[47],"sense":[49],"avoid":[51],"(SAA)":[52],"mid-air":[54],"collision":[55],"UAVs":[58,138],"proposed":[60,161,187],"by":[61,165,174],"using":[62,166,175],"monocular":[64],"camera":[65],"detect":[67,194],"track":[69,196],"incoming":[71,91],"UAV.":[72],"A":[73],"quadrotor":[74],"regarded":[76],"as":[77],"owned":[79],"UAV,":[80],"it":[82],"able":[84,192],"estimate":[86,156],"intruder.":[93],"The":[94,133,160,182],"adopted":[95],"method":[98],"based":[100,140],"on":[101,141],"you":[103],"only":[104],"look":[105],"once":[106],"(YOLO)":[107],"detector.":[109],"Deep":[110],"neural":[111,116],"network":[112,117,154],"(DNN)":[113],"convolutional":[115],"(CNN)":[118],"methods":[119],"are":[120],"applied":[121,150],"exam":[123],"their":[124],"performance":[125],"objects.":[132],"feature":[134],"extraction":[135],"VGG-16":[143],"model,":[144],"then":[146],"its":[147],"result":[148],"distance.":[159],"model":[162],"trained":[164],"synthetic":[167,177],"images":[168],"from":[169],"animation":[170],"software":[171],"validated":[173],"both":[176],"real":[179],"flight":[180],"videos.":[181],"results":[183],"show":[184],"that":[185],"active":[188],"vision-based":[189],"scheme":[190],"UAV":[199],"high":[201],"accuracy":[203],"low":[205],"errors.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2020-10-08T00:00:00"}
