{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3090258379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183034","title":"Reconstruction of Wet Refractivity Field Using an Improved Parameterized Tropospheric Tomographic Technique","display_name":"Reconstruction of Wet Refractivity Field Using an Improved Parameterized Tropospheric Tomographic Technique","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3090258379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183034","mag":"3090258379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12183034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/18/3034/pdf?version=1600338568","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/18/3034/pdf?version=1600338568","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101862112","display_name":"Biyan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5196-0536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Biyan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, School of Geoscience and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China","Laboratory of GeoHazards Perception, Cognition and Predication, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China","School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, School of Geoscience and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of GeoHazards Perception, Cognition and Predication, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018904310","display_name":"Wujiao Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1606-117X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wujiao Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, School of Geoscience and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China","School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, School of Geoscience and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011426580","display_name":"Pengfei Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5499-0212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Centre, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Centre, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079012583","display_name":"Minsi Ao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2782-0933"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minsi Ao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Province Mapping and Science and Technology Investigation Institute, Changsha 410000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Province Mapping and Science and Technology Investigation Institute, Changsha 410000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074606727","display_name":"Jingshu Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingshu Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, School of Geoscience and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China","Laboratory of GeoHazards Perception, Cognition and Predication, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China","School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, School of Geoscience and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of GeoHazards Perception, Cognition and Predication, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101862112"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.4161,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89212296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"18","first_page":"3034","last_page":"3034"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiosonde","display_name":"Radiosonde","score":0.69053053855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.5588266849517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-distance-weighting","display_name":"Inverse distance weighting","score":0.5528636574745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voxel","display_name":"Voxel","score":0.5102722644805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameterized-complexity","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","score":0.510073721408844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.47988808155059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4539314806461334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.4469463527202606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4319957494735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troposphere","display_name":"Troposphere","score":0.42644476890563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4240705072879791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-function","display_name":"Exponential function","score":0.41424891352653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4139164388179779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3921574652194977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.36798620223999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35083699226379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2947011888027191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-interpolation","display_name":"Multivariate interpolation","score":0.2649184465408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.262911319732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1501990556716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13319936394691467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10440942645072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0859503448009491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11999413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852817","display_name":"Radiosonde","level":2,"score":0.69053053855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5588266849517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47872207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430701","display_name":"Inverse distance weighting","level":4,"score":0.5528636574745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.5102722644805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.510073721408844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.47988808155059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4539314806461334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.4469463527202606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4319957494735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.42644476890563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4240705072879791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.41424891352653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4139164388179779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3921574652194977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.36798620223999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35083699226379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2947011888027191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203332170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6334079","display_name":"Multivariate interpolation","level":3,"score":0.2649184465408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.262911319732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1501990556716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13319936394691467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10440942645072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0859503448009491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205203396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612143","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12183034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/18/3034/pdf?version=1600338568","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8afa1544972b4c998f2ec64c69af465f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8afa1544972b4c998f2ec64c69af465f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 18, p 3034 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/18/3034/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12183034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12183034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/18/3034/pdf?version=1600338568","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3189562471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41904025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5602026149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41904032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306111","display_name":"U.S. Department of Commerce","ror":"https://ror.org/04chq2495"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321514","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331771","display_name":"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts","ror":"https://ror.org/014w0fd65"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3090258379.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3090258379.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976282490","https://openalex.org/W1976691500","https://openalex.org/W1987402796","https://openalex.org/W1994304076","https://openalex.org/W2001767484","https://openalex.org/W2006488704","https://openalex.org/W2017739015","https://openalex.org/W2018832642","https://openalex.org/W2035154002","https://openalex.org/W2068342176","https://openalex.org/W2073986617","https://openalex.org/W2087560680","https://openalex.org/W2088834197","https://openalex.org/W2103477551","https://openalex.org/W2107442290","https://openalex.org/W2108662384","https://openalex.org/W2115359869","https://openalex.org/W2122511023","https://openalex.org/W2134691634","https://openalex.org/W2135750150","https://openalex.org/W2136912939","https://openalex.org/W2137378983","https://openalex.org/W2146583368","https://openalex.org/W2146598934","https://openalex.org/W2166455033","https://openalex.org/W2319587545","https://openalex.org/W2342724917","https://openalex.org/W2495405733","https://openalex.org/W2512715031","https://openalex.org/W2525802607","https://openalex.org/W2579679831","https://openalex.org/W2592565876","https://openalex.org/W2792682821","https://openalex.org/W2808411716","https://openalex.org/W2892321080","https://openalex.org/W2899064444","https://openalex.org/W2911382520","https://openalex.org/W2957162079","https://openalex.org/W2970386345","https://openalex.org/W6698736606","https://openalex.org/W6755756496"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043100303","https://openalex.org/W4200011432","https://openalex.org/W2898002340","https://openalex.org/W1661883744","https://openalex.org/W313882189","https://openalex.org/W2920062132","https://openalex.org/W1980612756","https://openalex.org/W333611740","https://openalex.org/W2027412012","https://openalex.org/W4319780344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,190,227],"most":[1],"previous":[2],"studies":[3],"of":[4,21,28,103,112,127,153,245,250],"tropospheric":[5],"tomography,":[6],"water":[7,45],"vapor":[8,46],"is":[9,40,61,120,135],"assumed":[10],"to":[11,32,122,274],"have":[12],"a":[13,56,58,143,237],"homogeneous":[14],"distribution":[15,47],"within":[16],"each":[17,96],"voxel.":[18],"The":[19,84,131,263],"parameterization":[20,133],"voxels":[22],"can":[23],"mitigate":[24],"the":[25,29,33,44,75,79,100,104,109,113,124,128,138,175,179,184,191,196,202,206,222,230,233,251,272,278],"negative":[26],"effects":[27],"improper":[30],"assumption":[31],"tomographic":[34,129],"solution.":[35],"An":[36],"improved":[37,132,176,197,234],"parameterized":[38,185,208],"algorithm":[39,119,134],"proposed":[41,121],"for":[42,95,164],"determining":[43],"by":[48,98,158,193,210,224],"Global":[49,148],"Navigation":[50],"Satellite":[51],"System":[52,150],"(GNSS)":[53],"tomography.":[54],"Within":[55],"voxel,":[57],"generic":[59],"point":[60],"determined":[62],"via":[63],"horizontal":[64],"inverse":[65],"distance":[66],"weighted":[67],"(IDW)":[68],"interpolation":[69,73,91],"and":[70,89,161,183,205,212,219,253,259],"vertical":[71,125],"exponential":[72,88],"from":[74,146,268],"wet":[76,114],"refractivities":[77],"at":[78,271,277],"eight":[80],"surrounding":[81],"voxel":[82],"nodes.":[83],"parameters":[85],"involved":[86],"in":[87,221],"IDW":[90],"are":[92,217,257],"dynamically":[93],"estimated":[94],"tomography":[97],"using":[99,187],"refractivity":[101,115],"field":[102],"last":[105],"process.":[106],"By":[107],"considering":[108],"quasi-exponential":[110],"behavior":[111],"profile,":[116],"an":[117],"optimal":[118],"discretize":[123],"layers":[126],"model.":[130],"validated":[136],"with":[137,229],"observational":[139],"data":[140],"collected":[141],"over":[142],"1-month":[144],"period":[145],"124":[147],"Positioning":[149],"(GPS)":[151],"stations":[152],"Hunan":[154],"Province,":[155],"China.":[156],"Assessments":[157],"GPS,":[159],"radiosonde,":[160],"European":[162],"Centre":[163],"Medium-Range":[165],"Weather":[166],"Forecasts":[167],"(ECMWF)":[168],"ReAnalysis":[169],"5":[170],"(ERA5)":[171],"data,":[172,195],"demonstrate":[173],"that":[174],"model":[177,182,186,198,204,209,235],"outperforms":[178],"traditional":[180,203,252],"nonparametric":[181],"trilinear":[188,207,254],"interpolation.":[189],"assessment":[192],"GPS":[194],"performs":[199],"better":[200],"than":[201],"54%":[211],"10%,":[213],"respectively.":[214,262],"Such":[215],"improvements":[216],"31%":[218],"10%":[220],"validation":[223],"radiosonde":[225],"profiles.":[226],"comparison":[228],"ERA5":[231],"reanalysis,":[232],"yields":[236],"minimum":[238],"overall":[239],"root":[240],"mean":[241],"square":[242],"(RMS)":[243],"error":[244],"8.94":[246],"mm/km,":[247,261],"while":[248],"those":[249],"parametrized":[255],"models":[256],"10.79":[258],"9.73":[260],"RMS":[264],"errors":[265],"vertically":[266],"decrease":[267],"~20":[269],"mm/km":[270,276],"bottom":[273],"~5":[275],"top":[279],"layer.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}