{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082319665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172801","title":"Continuous Monitoring and Improvement of the Blasting Process in Open Pit Mines Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Techniques","display_name":"Continuous Monitoring and Improvement of the Blasting Process in Open Pit Mines Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Techniques","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082319665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172801","mag":"3082319665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12172801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172801","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064772614","display_name":"Thomas Bamford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-5818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Bamford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil &amp; Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil &amp; Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067271900","display_name":"Filip Medinac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3053-0224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filip Medinac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil &amp; Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil &amp; Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065939074","display_name":"Kamran Esmaeili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3949-5648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamran Esmaeili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil &amp; Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil &amp; Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064772614"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.8288,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96376151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"17","first_page":"2801","last_page":"2801"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12364","display_name":"Archaeological Research and Protection","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rock-blasting","display_name":"Rock blasting","score":0.851734459400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-pit-mining","display_name":"Open-pit mining","score":0.7589997053146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mining-engineering","display_name":"Mining engineering","score":0.6232534646987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pile","display_name":"Pile","score":0.5428048372268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muck","display_name":"Muck","score":0.5269169211387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drilling-and-blasting","display_name":"Drilling and blasting","score":0.4775187075138092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-mining","display_name":"Surface mining","score":0.41224405169487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.39541298151016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.3623866140842438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3492821455001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-mining","display_name":"Coal mining","score":0.2944198250770569}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50933969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2891954","display_name":"Rock blasting","level":2,"score":0.851734459400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184977646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15104297","display_name":"Open-pit mining","level":2,"score":0.7589997053146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16674752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mining engineering","level":1,"score":0.6232534646987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119560385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193850","display_name":"Pile","level":2,"score":0.5428048372268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113658590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3571727","display_name":"Muck","level":2,"score":0.5269169211387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205507351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2891954","display_name":"Drilling and blasting","level":3,"score":0.4775187075138092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516820309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756944","display_name":"Surface mining","level":4,"score":0.41224405169487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.39541298151016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3623866140842438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3492821455001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108615695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12880211","display_name":"Coal mining","level":3,"score":0.2944198250770569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12172801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/102154","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/102154","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/9f07515c-2e32-4a13-ba04-f45697b57085/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055458","display_name":"TSpace","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cf5c6b73a7124e8d9f91bb6e7c086185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cf5c6b73a7124e8d9f91bb6e7c086185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 17, p 2801 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/17/2801/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12172801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 17; Pages: 2801","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12172801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2165548363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Canada","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3505469716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"28271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310942","funder_display_name":"Ontario Centres of Excellence"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4570366809","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CRDPJ 508741-17","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G689426997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"28271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7471108959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CRDPJ","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8284766523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NSERC)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310942","display_name":"Ontario Centres of Excellence","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8nk565"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190156781","https://openalex.org/W422240758","https://openalex.org/W1608682499","https://openalex.org/W1876225670","https://openalex.org/W1966722844","https://openalex.org/W1981738952","https://openalex.org/W1995285253","https://openalex.org/W1996010028","https://openalex.org/W1998943389","https://openalex.org/W1999769117","https://openalex.org/W2006971889","https://openalex.org/W2020872579","https://openalex.org/W2029482033","https://openalex.org/W2034859250","https://openalex.org/W2042692852","https://openalex.org/W2043408739","https://openalex.org/W2068555429","https://openalex.org/W2076499541","https://openalex.org/W2077818877","https://openalex.org/W2088593363","https://openalex.org/W2100501648","https://openalex.org/W2110046526","https://openalex.org/W2144241617","https://openalex.org/W2208943494","https://openalex.org/W2425452707","https://openalex.org/W2471113799","https://openalex.org/W2513861542","https://openalex.org/W2551053037","https://openalex.org/W2571520280","https://openalex.org/W2595129663","https://openalex.org/W2606552612","https://openalex.org/W2609802678","https://openalex.org/W2641578026","https://openalex.org/W2736508163","https://openalex.org/W2746765608","https://openalex.org/W2767239266","https://openalex.org/W2767590358","https://openalex.org/W2883737468","https://openalex.org/W2885432770","https://openalex.org/W2922349802","https://openalex.org/W2938677186","https://openalex.org/W2948678280","https://openalex.org/W2962738492","https://openalex.org/W2965666581","https://openalex.org/W3021042524","https://openalex.org/W6729790510","https://openalex.org/W6734791042","https://openalex.org/W6786395138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990300027","https://openalex.org/W2371667634","https://openalex.org/W2500867234","https://openalex.org/W4232189208","https://openalex.org/W2354804136","https://openalex.org/W2883794182","https://openalex.org/W2386076792","https://openalex.org/W2351462459","https://openalex.org/W2358660405","https://openalex.org/W2371896229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,79,189,215],"current":[1,216],"techniques":[2],"used":[3],"for":[4,37,212,225,233],"monitoring":[5,38,81,228],"the":[6,29,41,70,94,131,137,145,154,167,170,203,206,221,235],"blasting":[7,42,90,146,207,226],"process":[8,43,208,213,227],"in":[9,44,52,84,107,136],"open":[10,45,54],"pit":[11,46,55,65,97,116],"mines":[12,56],"are":[13,229,243],"manual,":[14],"intermittent":[15],"and":[16,18,39,69,76,91,112,163,181,187,196,199,209,231],"inefficient":[17],"can":[19],"expose":[20],"technical":[21],"manpower":[22],"to":[23,57,101,105,113,122,139,156,178,220],"hazardous":[24],"conditions.":[25],"This":[26,126],"study":[27],"presents":[28],"application":[30,222,242],"of":[31,72,205,223,239],"unmanned":[32],"aerial":[33,191],"vehicle":[34],"(UAV)":[35],"systems":[36],"improving":[40],"mines.":[47],"Field":[48],"experiments":[49],"were":[50,99],"conducted":[51],"different":[53,86],"assess":[58,123,182],"rock":[59,172],"fragmentation,":[60],"blast-induced":[61,124],"damage":[62],"on":[63,153,202],"final":[64],"walls,":[66],"blast":[67,158],"dynamics":[68],"accuracy":[71],"blastholes":[73],"including":[74,88],"production":[75,132],"pre-split":[77],"holes.":[78],"UAV-based":[80],"was":[82,127,151,176],"done":[83],"three":[85],"stages,":[87],"pre-blasting,":[89],"post-blasting.":[92],"In":[93,166],"pre-blasting":[95],"stage,":[96,169],"walls":[98],"mapped":[100],"collect":[102],"structural":[103],"data":[104,192],"predict":[106],"situ":[108],"block":[109],"size":[110],"distribution":[111],"develop":[114],"as-built":[115],"wall":[117],"digital":[118],"elevation":[119],"models":[120],"(DEM)":[121],"damage.":[125],"followed":[128],"by":[129],"mapping":[130],"blasthole":[133],"patterns":[134],"implemented":[135],"mine":[138],"investigate":[140,157],"drillhole":[141],"alignment.":[142],"To":[143],"monitor":[144],"process,":[147],"a":[148],"high-speed":[149],"camera":[150],"mounted":[152],"UAV":[155,241],"initiation,":[159],"sequencing,":[160],"misfired":[161],"holes":[162],"stemming":[164],"ejection.":[165],"post-blast":[168],"blasted":[171],"pile":[173,184],"(muck":[174],"pile)":[175],"monitored":[177],"estimate":[179],"fragmentation":[180],"muck":[183],"configuration,":[185],"heave":[186],"throw.":[188],"collected":[190],"provide":[193],"detailed":[194],"information":[195],"high":[197],"spatial":[198],"temporal":[200],"resolution":[201],"quality":[204],"significant":[210],"opportunities":[211],"improvement.":[214],"challenges":[217],"with":[218],"regards":[219],"UAVs":[224],"discussed,":[230],"recommendations":[232],"obtaining":[234],"most":[236],"value":[237],"out":[238],"an":[240],"provided.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
