{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081175108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172746","title":"Retrieval of Melt Pond Fraction over Arctic Sea Ice during 2000\u20132019 Using an Ensemble-Based Deep Neural Network","display_name":"Retrieval of Melt Pond Fraction over Arctic Sea Ice during 2000\u20132019 Using an Ensemble-Based Deep Neural Network","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081175108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172746","mag":"3081175108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12172746","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172746","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/17/2746/pdf?version=1598416870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/17/2746/pdf?version=1598416870","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028962721","display_name":"Yifan Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7275-3082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136324864","display_name":"Polar Research Institute of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027fn9x30","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136324864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012567","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","ror":"https://ror.org/03swgqh13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Global Change and Earth System Science, and State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China","University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7275-3082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Global Change and Earth System Science, and State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136324864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068881246","display_name":"Xiao Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6910-6565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136324864","display_name":"Polar Research Institute of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027fn9x30","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136324864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012567","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","ror":"https://ror.org/03swgqh13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Global Change and Earth System Science, and State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China","Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China","University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Global Change and Earth System Science, and State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136324864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103783929","display_name":"Jiping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-8586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113508548","display_name":"Albany State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vme4277","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113508548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113508548","https://openalex.org/I392282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014556604","display_name":"Fengming Hui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2478-8766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136324864","display_name":"Polar Research Institute of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027fn9x30","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136324864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012567","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","ror":"https://ror.org/03swgqh13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengming Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Global Change and Earth System Science, and State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China","Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China","University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Global Change and Earth System Science, and State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136324864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090117531","display_name":"Zhenzhan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6098-844X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenzhan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6098-844X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041773118","display_name":"Shengzhe Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2877-6252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113508548","display_name":"Albany State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vme4277","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113508548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengzhe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113508548","https://openalex.org/I392282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068881246"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136324864","https://openalex.org/I157773358","https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":1.2635,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76970605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"17","first_page":"2746","last_page":"2746"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.6288811564445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5718319416046143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melt-pond","display_name":"Melt pond","score":0.5313820242881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.44309958815574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.4088526666164398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-ice-pack","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","score":0.4059247374534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4037590026855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.3844742178916931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.32512807846069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.15490472316741943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.14833706617355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07352292537689209}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.6288811564445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5718319416046143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64892901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6813731","display_name":"Melt pond","level":5,"score":0.5313820242881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.44309958815574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.4088526666164398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.4059247374534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4037590026855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3844742178916931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32512807846069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15490472316741943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.14833706617355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07352292537689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149767477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440066","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12172746","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172746","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/17/2746/pdf?version=1598416870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1849ea4c99aa469293a20ee80ffa60eb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1849ea4c99aa469293a20ee80ffa60eb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 17, p 2746 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/17/2746/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12172746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:noaa.stacks:noaa:48227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/48227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196172","display_name":"NOAA Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing. 12(17):2746","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12172746","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172746","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/17/2746/pdf?version=1598416870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1277418331","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA15OAR4310163","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337557","funder_display_name":"Climate Program Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G525197646","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFA0605901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5888618519","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41676185","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6279979401","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201806040111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8970493007","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA15OAR4310163","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","funder_display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310400","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321630","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327884","display_name":"Norsk Polarinstitutt","ror":"https://ror.org/03avf6522"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329645","display_name":"Polar Research Institute of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027fn9x30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334270","display_name":"Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337557","display_name":"Climate Program Office","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmmy130"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338493","display_name":"Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05wk0m864"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3081175108.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3081175108.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500491746","https://openalex.org/W1509461544","https://openalex.org/W1535169588","https://openalex.org/W1554353685","https://openalex.org/W1620982969","https://openalex.org/W1941516420","https://openalex.org/W1956338829","https://openalex.org/W1963986799","https://openalex.org/W1964780817","https://openalex.org/W1966536773","https://openalex.org/W1970590897","https://openalex.org/W1971328373","https://openalex.org/W1971515351","https://openalex.org/W1986021413","https://openalex.org/W1989241928","https://openalex.org/W1992054981","https://openalex.org/W1993515072","https://openalex.org/W1999051627","https://openalex.org/W2004795746","https://openalex.org/W2011806334","https://openalex.org/W2019140816","https://openalex.org/W2019549119","https://openalex.org/W2021690788","https://openalex.org/W2021775640","https://openalex.org/W2024656021","https://openalex.org/W2025388070","https://openalex.org/W2027649198","https://openalex.org/W2036410433","https://openalex.org/W2046018439","https://openalex.org/W2063539079","https://openalex.org/W2071983811","https://openalex.org/W2083844448","https://openalex.org/W2088755201","https://openalex.org/W2095418318","https://openalex.org/W2099669805","https://openalex.org/W2106100979","https://openalex.org/W2106345187","https://openalex.org/W2107733948","https://openalex.org/W2118446465","https://openalex.org/W2119175727","https://openalex.org/W2119803205","https://openalex.org/W2123694153","https://openalex.org/W2124987461","https://openalex.org/W2136895938","https://openalex.org/W2140256195","https://openalex.org/W2149573312","https://openalex.org/W2234023020","https://openalex.org/W2238801324","https://openalex.org/W2274918651","https://openalex.org/W2465140673","https://openalex.org/W2515436242","https://openalex.org/W2527516899","https://openalex.org/W2549365620","https://openalex.org/W2610166850","https://openalex.org/W2754367936","https://openalex.org/W2754558739","https://openalex.org/W2889188813","https://openalex.org/W2896972545","https://openalex.org/W2903026219","https://openalex.org/W2963999368","https://openalex.org/W2993973379","https://openalex.org/W2995371408","https://openalex.org/W3004126537","https://openalex.org/W3021192056","https://openalex.org/W3033120841","https://openalex.org/W4237092696","https://openalex.org/W6642886546"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3165596145","https://openalex.org/W1613849817","https://openalex.org/W3151917547","https://openalex.org/W2093255885","https://openalex.org/W827104527","https://openalex.org/W1898880449","https://openalex.org/W4311518498","https://openalex.org/W2123454363","https://openalex.org/W2486603219","https://openalex.org/W748540454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,99,133],"accurate":[1],"knowledge":[2],"of":[3,5,46,80,105,167,196,214],"variations":[4],"melt":[6,33],"ponds":[7],"is":[8,141,162,171,186],"important":[9],"for":[10,31],"understanding":[11],"the":[12,68,73,77,96,103,146,151,156,165,168,178,182,192,207,211,215],"Arctic":[13,38],"energy":[14],"budget":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,71,125,173],"its":[18],"albedo\u2013transmittance\u2013melt":[19],"feedback.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"study,":[23],"we":[24,117],"develop":[25],"and":[26,58,198,204],"validate":[27],"a":[28,52,108,119],"new":[29,120,138,152,169,183],"method":[30],"retrieving":[32],"pond":[34],"fraction":[35],"(MPF)":[36],"over":[37],"sea":[39,82],"ice":[40,83],"using":[41,81],"all":[42],"seven":[43],"spectral":[44],"bands":[45],"MODIS":[47],"surface":[48],"reflectance.":[49],"We":[50,75,148],"construct":[51],"robust":[53],"ensemble-based":[54],"deep":[55],"neural":[56],"network":[57],"use":[59],"in-situ":[60],"MPF":[61,97,112,121,139,153,159,170,175,184],"observations":[62,193],"collected":[63],"from":[64,86,123],"multiple":[65],"sources":[66,88],"as":[67,89],"target":[69,91],"data":[70,92,122,129,140,176,185],"train":[72],"network.":[74],"examine":[76],"potential":[78],"influence":[79],"concentration":[84],"(SIC)":[85],"different":[87],"additional":[90],"(besides":[93],"MPF)":[94],"on":[95,111,115],"retrieval.":[98,113],"results":[100],"suggest":[101],"that":[102,136,164],"inclusion":[104],"SIC":[106],"has":[107,206],"minor":[109],"impact":[110],"Based":[114],"this,":[116],"create":[118],"2000":[124],"2019":[126],"(the":[127],"longest":[128],"in":[130,142,187,194,210],"our":[131,137],"knowledge).":[132],"validation":[134],"shows":[135],"good":[143],"agreement":[144,190],"with":[145,155,191],"observations.":[147],"further":[149],"compare":[150],"dataset":[154],"previously":[157],"published":[158],"datasets.":[160],"It":[161],"found":[163],"evolution":[166],"similar":[172],"previous":[174],"throughout":[177],"melting":[179,216],"season,":[180],"but":[181],"relatively":[188],"better":[189],"terms":[195],"correlations":[197],"root":[199],"mean":[200],"squared":[201],"errors":[202],"(RMSE),":[203],"also":[205],"smallest":[208],"value":[209],"first":[212],"half":[213],"season.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
