{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3077238107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172680","title":"An Improved Frequency-Domain Image Formation Algorithm for Mini-UAV-Based Forward-Looking Spotlight BiSAR Systems","display_name":"An Improved Frequency-Domain Image Formation Algorithm for Mini-UAV-Based Forward-Looking Spotlight BiSAR Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3077238107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172680","mag":"3077238107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12172680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172680","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/17/2680/pdf?version=1597837451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/17/2680/pdf?version=1597837451","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063558254","display_name":"Tao Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8006-3287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China","School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031001409","display_name":"Zhanze Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8510-0005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanze Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China","School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036462675","display_name":"Feifeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-2862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feifeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China","School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100624778","display_name":"Chenghao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenghao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China","School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036462675"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":12.7508,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98008151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"17","first_page":"2680","last_page":"2680"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8173644542694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.6983844637870789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.617551326751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.4690347909927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45590347051620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.43250831961631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.376948744058609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3105224370956421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.2517281770706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.14113777875900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11427098512649536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8173644542694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.6983844637870789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.617551326751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.4690347909927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45590347051620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.43250831961631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.376948744058609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3105224370956421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.2517281770706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.14113777875900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11427098512649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12172680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172680","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/17/2680/pdf?version=1597837451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:90bf71f2e9bc41df96110ea1d2e6a234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/90bf71f2e9bc41df96110ea1d2e6a234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 17, p 2680 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/17/2680/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12172680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 17; Pages: 2680","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12172680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172680","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/17/2680/pdf?version=1597837451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1099123187","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 61601032, Grant No. 31727901 and Grant No. 61625103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2746600709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31727901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3305555347","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4275062833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61625103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3077238107.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3077238107.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976916212","https://openalex.org/W1979709094","https://openalex.org/W1980215085","https://openalex.org/W2031716391","https://openalex.org/W2042706080","https://openalex.org/W2047941860","https://openalex.org/W2048442770","https://openalex.org/W2059961626","https://openalex.org/W2074898432","https://openalex.org/W2081057617","https://openalex.org/W2081390139","https://openalex.org/W2109038414","https://openalex.org/W2109896001","https://openalex.org/W2111385421","https://openalex.org/W2119046286","https://openalex.org/W2122238582","https://openalex.org/W2132141139","https://openalex.org/W2132839514","https://openalex.org/W2134062774","https://openalex.org/W2140972436","https://openalex.org/W2148427957","https://openalex.org/W2152234893","https://openalex.org/W2152897285","https://openalex.org/W2196377631","https://openalex.org/W2245827188","https://openalex.org/W2330565001","https://openalex.org/W2414031558","https://openalex.org/W2474908795","https://openalex.org/W2531871790","https://openalex.org/W2614971353","https://openalex.org/W2615277713","https://openalex.org/W2751029084","https://openalex.org/W2761106044","https://openalex.org/W2766097220","https://openalex.org/W2767848786","https://openalex.org/W2768563621","https://openalex.org/W2769124481","https://openalex.org/W2771141961","https://openalex.org/W2774441955","https://openalex.org/W2794201227","https://openalex.org/W2896320586","https://openalex.org/W2902839856","https://openalex.org/W2905668437","https://openalex.org/W2921542497","https://openalex.org/W2921668404","https://openalex.org/W2930665236","https://openalex.org/W2950020196","https://openalex.org/W2955893439","https://openalex.org/W6738345928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3006474185","https://openalex.org/W2004765814","https://openalex.org/W2950419692","https://openalex.org/W1636544497","https://openalex.org/W2034611846","https://openalex.org/W2124163150","https://openalex.org/W2545704177","https://openalex.org/W2554356744","https://openalex.org/W2051186205","https://openalex.org/W2059918983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mini-unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"vehicle":[2],"(UAV)-based":[3],"bistatic":[4,115,135],"forward-looking":[5,64],"synthetic":[6],"aperture":[7],"radar":[8],"(SAR)":[9],"(mini-UAV-based":[10],"BFSAR)":[11],"is":[12,55,92,118,170],"much":[13],"more":[14,68,102],"attractive":[15],"than":[16],"the":[17,22,25,39,43,46,59,63,77,108,112,133,146,153,157,167],"monostatic":[18],"one":[19],"because":[20],"of":[21,24,34,45,111,156],"flexibility":[23],"system":[26,35],"geometry":[27],"selection":[28],"as":[29,31],"well":[30],"its":[32],"simplicity":[33],"operation,":[36],"especially":[37],"with":[38,97],"mini-UAV":[40,47,162],"platform.":[41],"However,":[42],"trajectory":[44],"needs":[48],"to":[49,58],"be":[50],"accurately":[51],"modeled":[52],"since":[53],"it":[54],"very":[56,87],"sensitive":[57],"external":[60],"environment,":[61],"and":[62,114,159,175],"configuration":[65,117],"results":[66],"in":[67,72,145,161],"severe":[69],"spatial":[70],"variance":[71],"image":[73],"formation":[74],"processing.":[75],"In":[76],"paper,":[78],"an":[79,140],"improved":[80,141],"frequency-domain":[81],"imaging":[82],"algorithm":[83,169],"based":[84,131,163],"on":[85,132],"a":[86,101,121],"accurate":[88,103,134],"slant":[89,104,136],"range":[90,105,123,137],"model":[91],"proposed":[93,168],"for":[94,152],"mini-UAV-based":[95],"BFSAR":[96,164],"spotlight":[98,116,154],"illumination.":[99],"First,":[100],"expression":[106],"considering":[107],"motion":[109],"characteristics":[110],"UAV":[113],"re-derived.":[119],"Second,":[120],"new":[122],"nonlinear":[124],"chirp":[125],"scaling":[126],"(NLCS)":[127],"operator":[128,144],"was":[129,150],"derived":[130],"model.":[138],"Third,":[139],"azimuth":[142],"NLCS":[143],"Doppler":[147],"frequency":[148],"domain":[149],"established":[151],"illumination":[155],"transmitter":[158],"receiver":[160],"systems.":[165],"Finally,":[166],"validated":[171],"by":[172],"both":[173],"simulations":[174],"real":[176],"datasets.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
