{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3049649227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162600","title":"Underwater 3D Rigid Object Tracking and 6-DOF Estimation: A Case Study of Giant Steel Pipe Scale Model Underwater Installation","display_name":"Underwater 3D Rigid Object Tracking and 6-DOF Estimation: A Case Study of Giant Steel Pipe Scale Model Underwater Installation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3049649227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162600","mag":"3049649227"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12162600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162600","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2600/pdf?version=1597322087","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2600/pdf?version=1597322087","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038129980","display_name":"Jyun-Ping Jhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3490-613X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jyun-Ping Jhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016236693","display_name":"Jiann-Yeou Rau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4697-3110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiann-Yeou Rau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079788695","display_name":"Chih-Ming Chou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Ming Chou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kuo Toong International Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 81357, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kuo Toong International Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 81357, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038129980"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":8.1449,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97185549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"16","first_page":"2600","last_page":"2600"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7317976355552673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7150920629501343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.6960688829421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.537334680557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5367798209190369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5354511737823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photogrammetry","display_name":"Photogrammetry","score":0.5243340134620667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.48686423897743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.48128265142440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-system","display_name":"Coordinate system","score":0.4177471697330475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.35136282444000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0965999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09367385506629944}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7317976355552673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7150920629501343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.6960688829421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.537334680557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5367798209190369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5354511737823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117455697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190149","display_name":"Photogrammetry","level":2,"score":0.5243340134620667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.48686423897743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.48128265142440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80551277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11210","display_name":"Coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.4177471697330475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.35136282444000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0965999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09367385506629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12162600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162600","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2600/pdf?version=1597322087","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f1f8fd47b7ae44df98f687a8d046d088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f1f8fd47b7ae44df98f687a8d046d088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 16, p 2600 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/16/2600/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12162600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 16; Pages: 2600","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12162600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162600","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2600/pdf?version=1597322087","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3049649227.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3049649227.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W835729312","https://openalex.org/W1985716262","https://openalex.org/W1988613640","https://openalex.org/W2015573009","https://openalex.org/W2015996585","https://openalex.org/W2019640517","https://openalex.org/W2022367031","https://openalex.org/W2032481801","https://openalex.org/W2033819227","https://openalex.org/W2042051451","https://openalex.org/W2054967204","https://openalex.org/W2085070618","https://openalex.org/W2090922579","https://openalex.org/W2107294868","https://openalex.org/W2152671441","https://openalex.org/W2293420084","https://openalex.org/W2961144132","https://openalex.org/W4206771003","https://openalex.org/W6623414007","https://openalex.org/W6671841440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365572566","https://openalex.org/W2394068580","https://openalex.org/W2525880111","https://openalex.org/W2369515111","https://openalex.org/W2051732542","https://openalex.org/W1902541973","https://openalex.org/W2101607253","https://openalex.org/W2020829175","https://openalex.org/W2379433588","https://openalex.org/W3005012932"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,235],"Zengwen":[1],"desilting":[2],"tunnel":[3,26],"project":[4],"installed":[5],"an":[6,43],"Elephant":[7],"Trunk":[8],"Steel":[9],"Pipe":[10],"(ETSP)":[11],"at":[12],"the":[13,16,23,31,71,116,124,133,137,141,152,186,202,209,231,242,256,261,269,273,280,286,301,307,313,322,328,331],"bottom":[14],"of":[15,144,158,205,245,272,282,303,317],"reservoir":[17],"that":[18],"is":[19,36,42,130,172,238],"designed":[20],"to":[21,30,69,96,114,119,135,162,175,192,229,239,267],"connect":[22],"new":[24],"bypass":[25],"and":[27,38,75,90,101,109,118,139,155,189,195,207,222,258,293,309,321,326,333],"reach":[28],"downward":[29],"sediment":[32],"surface.":[33],"Since":[34],"ETSP":[35,64,206,246,283,318],"huge":[37],"its":[39,52,76],"underwater":[40,72,85,125,275,310,319],"installation":[41,73,320],"unprecedented":[44],"construction":[45,60],"method,":[46],"there":[47],"are":[48],"several":[49,102],"uncertainties":[50],"in":[51,123,197,255,306],"dynamic":[53],"motion":[54,79,233,315],"changes":[55],"during":[56],"installation.":[57],"To":[58],"assure":[59],"safety,":[61],"a":[62,98,110,163,177,218,224,252],"1:20":[63],"scale":[65],"model":[66],"was":[67],"built":[68],"simulate":[70],"procedure,":[74],"six-degrees-of-freedom":[77],"(6-DOF)":[78],"parameters":[80,316],"were":[81,94],"monitored":[82],"by":[83,200,247,284],"offline":[84,236],"3D":[86,203,243,262],"rigid":[87],"object":[88],"tracking":[89,201],"photogrammetry.":[91],"Three":[92],"cameras":[93,117],"used":[95],"form":[97],"multicamera":[99,219],"system,":[100],"auxiliary":[103],"devices\u2014such":[104],"as":[105,264],"waterproof":[106,111],"housing,":[107],"tripods,":[108],"LED\u2014were":[112],"adopted":[113,223],"protect":[115],"obtain":[120],"clear":[121],"images":[122,182,250],"environment.":[126],"However,":[127],"since":[128],"it":[129,171],"difficult":[131],"for":[132],"divers":[134],"position":[136],"camera":[138,142,148,210,254,287,304],"ensure":[140],"field":[143],"view":[145],"overlap,":[146],"each":[147],"can":[149],"only":[150],"observe":[151],"head,":[153],"middle,":[154],"tail":[156],"parts":[157],"ETSP,":[159],"respectively,":[160],"leading":[161],"small":[164],"overlap":[165],"area":[166],"among":[167],"all":[168],"images.":[169],"Therefore,":[170],"not":[173],"possible":[174],"perform":[176,268],"traditional":[178],"method":[179],"via":[180,213],"multiple":[181],"forward":[183],"intersection,":[184],"where":[185],"camera\u2019s":[187],"positions":[188],"orientations":[190],"have":[191],"be":[193],"calibrated":[194,274],"fixed":[196],"advance.":[198],"Instead,":[199],"coordinates":[204,244,263],"obtaining":[208],"orientation":[211,227,288],"information":[212,289],"space":[214,270],"resection,":[215],"we":[216,278,299],"propose":[217],"coordinate":[220],"transformation":[221,228],"single-camera":[225,294,334],"relative":[226],"calculate":[230],"6-DOF":[232,281,314],"parameters.":[234],"procedure":[237],"first":[240],"acquire":[241],"taking":[248],"multiposition":[249],"with":[251],"precalibrated":[253],"air":[257,308],"then":[259],"use":[260],"control":[265],"points":[266],"resection":[271],"cameras.":[276],"Finally,":[277],"calculated":[279],"using":[285],"through":[290],"both":[291],"multi-":[292,332],"approaches.":[295,335],"In":[296],"this":[297],"study,":[298],"show":[300],"results":[302],"calibration":[305],"environment,":[311],"present":[312],"reconstructed":[323],"4D":[324],"animation,":[325],"compare":[327],"differences":[329],"between":[330]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}