{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048906249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162599","title":"Quantifying Marine Macro Litter Abundance on a Sandy Beach Using Unmanned Aerial Systems and Object-Oriented Machine Learning Methods","display_name":"Quantifying Marine Macro Litter Abundance on a Sandy Beach Using Unmanned Aerial Systems and Object-Oriented Machine Learning Methods","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048906249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162599","mag":"3048906249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12162599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162599","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2599/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2599/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064097513","display_name":"Gil Gon\u00e7alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1746-0367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gil Gon\u00e7alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Coimbra, 3001-501 Coimbra, Portugal","INESC-Coimbra, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1746-0367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Coimbra, 3001-501 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-Coimbra, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031280408","display_name":"Umberto Andriolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0185-7802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umberto Andriolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC-Coimbra, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0185-7802","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-Coimbra, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035368343","display_name":"Lu\u00edsa Gon\u00e7alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6265-8903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169427155","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria","ror":"https://ror.org/010dvvh94","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169427155"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu\u00edsa Gon\u00e7alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC-Coimbra, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal","Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, ESTG, Campus 2\u2013Morro do Lena\u2013Alto Vieiro, 2411\u2013901 Leiria, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6265-8903","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-Coimbra, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, ESTG, Campus 2\u2013Morro do Lena\u2013Alto Vieiro, 2411\u2013901 Leiria, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169427155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011990719","display_name":"Paula Sobral","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0834-6789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paula Sobral","raw_affiliation_strings":["MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0834-6789","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013118118","display_name":"Filipa Bessa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-3710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filipa Bessa","raw_affiliation_strings":["MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-3710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064097513"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.7959,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9113723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"16","first_page":"2599","last_page":"2599"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10753","display_name":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10753","display_name":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.928600013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6695990562438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.6544262170791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.6179042458534241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5622276663780212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5055036544799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4979848861694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-debris","display_name":"Marine debris","score":0.4972424805164337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4964669346809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abundance","display_name":"Abundance (ecology)","score":0.45475873351097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/litter","display_name":"Litter","score":0.42112261056900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3509114980697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.16965371370315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.11727884411811829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10170000791549683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6695990562438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.6544262170791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6179042458534241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5622276663780212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5055036544799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4979848861694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62329434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463960","display_name":"Marine debris","level":3,"score":0.4972424805164337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4964669346809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77077793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336019","display_name":"Abundance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.45475873351097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779429622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780867","display_name":"Litter","level":2,"score":0.42112261056900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3509114980697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.16965371370315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.11727884411811829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10170000791549683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776023875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637703","display_name":"Debris","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12162599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162599","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2599/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:run.unl.pt:10362/120973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/RS12162599","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10362/120973","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400678","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa's Repository (Universidade Nova de Lisboa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","host_organization_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:run.unl.pt:10362/120973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10362/120973","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10362/120973","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210182101","display_name":"Revista de Estudos Anglo-Portugueses/Journal of Anglo-Portuguese Studies","issn_l":"0871-682X","issn":["0871-682X","2184-0687"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:542e734c1e0f4806a1595f6915e62035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/542e734c1e0f4806a1595f6915e62035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 16, p 2599 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:estudogeral.uc.pt:10316/106657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10316/106657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402070","display_name":"Estudo Geral (Universidad de Coimbra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","host_organization_name":"University of Coimbra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/16/2599/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12162599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 16; Pages: 2599","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12162599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162599","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2599/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1098458879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/ 00308/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1167214205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COMPETE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1578237752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COMPETE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2973526139","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PTDC/EAM-REM/ 30324/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3080573193","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IT057-18-7252","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323392","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Coimbra"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3474563121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB 00308/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3860653406","display_name":"Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre","funder_award_id":"UIDB/04292/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4176497637","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COMPETE 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4979782808","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PTDC/EAM-REM/30324/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5454278309","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5669955991","display_name":"Mapeamento do lixo marinho com drones low-cost","funder_award_id":"PTDC/EAM-REM/30324/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G603824448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/04292/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323392","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Coimbra"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6613994726","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB 00308/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323392","display_name":"Universidade de Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048906249.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048906249.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509247231","https://openalex.org/W1731114447","https://openalex.org/W1964262728","https://openalex.org/W1982108599","https://openalex.org/W1984792953","https://openalex.org/W2012743546","https://openalex.org/W2021138268","https://openalex.org/W2027103841","https://openalex.org/W2028823431","https://openalex.org/W2043001809","https://openalex.org/W2043655847","https://openalex.org/W2052331316","https://openalex.org/W2052849992","https://openalex.org/W2053387160","https://openalex.org/W2056762336","https://openalex.org/W2063907334","https://openalex.org/W2082081125","https://openalex.org/W2084668217","https://openalex.org/W2091429630","https://openalex.org/W2097989534","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2168809519","https://openalex.org/W2175083225","https://openalex.org/W2192941287","https://openalex.org/W2207055384","https://openalex.org/W2219654434","https://openalex.org/W2221406462","https://openalex.org/W2254833590","https://openalex.org/W2260602653","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2344808749","https://openalex.org/W2502575609","https://openalex.org/W2551374920","https://openalex.org/W2588452883","https://openalex.org/W2589848582","https://openalex.org/W2611581340","https://openalex.org/W2664274316","https://openalex.org/W2763009957","https://openalex.org/W2782397440","https://openalex.org/W2793927960","https://openalex.org/W2794142766","https://openalex.org/W2801798589","https://openalex.org/W2802213413","https://openalex.org/W2809307214","https://openalex.org/W2889468980","https://openalex.org/W2895805893","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2946318177","https://openalex.org/W2962710355","https://openalex.org/W2990993418","https://openalex.org/W3000652771","https://openalex.org/W3003163768","https://openalex.org/W3011189840","https://openalex.org/W3016357136","https://openalex.org/W3016752314","https://openalex.org/W3016810880","https://openalex.org/W3022365164","https://openalex.org/W3027034335","https://openalex.org/W4302190632","https://openalex.org/W6663476391"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182351688","https://openalex.org/W4362658331","https://openalex.org/W3127846592","https://openalex.org/W2996006985","https://openalex.org/W3030925650","https://openalex.org/W1973494275","https://openalex.org/W2091460725","https://openalex.org/W2792435559","https://openalex.org/W1965885182","https://openalex.org/W2801619538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"systems":[2],"(UASs)":[3],"have":[4],"recently":[5],"been":[6],"proven":[7],"to":[8,49,192,200,238],"be":[9],"valuable":[10],"remote":[11,203],"sensing":[12,204],"tools":[13],"for":[14,63,104,113,116,120],"detecting":[15],"marine":[16,67,205],"macro":[17,55,68,137],"litter":[18,69,138,206],"(MML),":[19],"with":[20,35,108,124,149,180],"the":[21,51,66,100,105,129,133,143,150,157,164,173,181,186,193,211,243],"potential":[22],"of":[23,53,111,153,159,242],"supporting":[24],"pollution":[25,231],"monitoring":[26,232],"programs":[27],"on":[28,43,71,208,214,250],"coasts.":[29],"Very":[30],"low":[31],"altitude":[32],"images,":[33],"acquired":[34],"a":[36,41,44,72],"low-cost":[37],"RGB":[38],"camera":[39],"onboard":[40],"UAS":[42,222],"sandy":[45],"beach,":[46],"were":[47],"used":[48],"characterize":[50],"abundance":[52,176,182,218],"stranded":[54],"litter.":[56],"We":[57],"developed":[58],"an":[59],"object-oriented":[60,82],"classification":[61],"strategy":[62],"automatically":[64],"identifying":[65],"items":[70],"UAS-based":[73],"orthomosaic.":[74],"A":[75,122],"comparison":[76,123],"is":[77],"presented":[78],"among":[79,163],"three":[80,106,165,174],"automated":[81,166,212],"machine":[83,93,167],"learning":[84,168],"(OOML)":[85],"techniques,":[86,107],"namely":[87],"random":[88],"forest":[89],"(RF),":[90],"support":[91],"vector":[92],"(SVM),":[94],"and":[95,118,170,227,240,246],"k-nearest":[96],"neighbor":[97],"(KNN).":[98],"Overall,":[99],"detection":[101,126,146,213],"was":[102,132,190],"satisfactory":[103],"mean":[109],"F-scores":[110],"65%":[112],"KNN,":[114],"68%":[115],"SVM,":[117],"72%":[119],"RF.":[121,196],"manual":[125],"showed":[127],"that":[128,172],"RF":[130],"technique":[131],"most":[134],"accurate":[135],"OOML":[136],"detector,":[139],"as":[140],"it":[141],"returned":[142],"best":[144],"overall":[145],"quality":[147],"(F-score)":[148],"lowest":[151],"number":[152,158],"false":[154],"positives.":[155],"Because":[156],"tuning":[160],"parameters":[161],"varied":[162],"techniques":[169],"considering":[171],"generated":[175],"maps":[177],"correlated":[178],"similarly":[179],"map":[183],"produced":[184,220],"manually,":[185],"simplest":[187],"KNN":[188],"classifier":[189],"preferred":[191],"more":[194],"complex":[195],"This":[197],"work":[198],"contributes":[199],"advances":[201],"in":[202],"surveys":[207],"coasts,":[209],"optimizing":[210],"UAS-derived":[215],"orthomosaics.":[216],"MML":[217],"maps,":[219],"by":[221],"surveys,":[223],"assist":[224],"coastal":[225,251],"managers":[226],"authorities":[228],"through":[229],"environmental":[230],"programs.":[233],"In":[234],"addition,":[235],"they":[236],"contribute":[237],"search":[239],"evaluation":[241],"mitigation":[244],"measures":[245],"improve":[247],"clean-up":[248],"operations":[249],"environments.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T13:55:30.953635","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}