{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048474426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162578","title":"Recent Development and Challenges in Spectroscopy and Machine Vision Technologies for Crop Nitrogen Diagnosis: A Review","display_name":"Recent Development and Challenges in Spectroscopy and Machine Vision Technologies for Crop Nitrogen Diagnosis: A Review","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048474426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162578","mag":"3048474426"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12162578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162578","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2578/pdf?version=1597141380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2578/pdf?version=1597141380","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375959","display_name":"Daoliang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1842-419X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daoliang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Internet of Things in Agriculture China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China","China-EU Center for Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China","College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China","National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 121, 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Internet of Things in Agriculture China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China-EU Center for Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 121, 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103072920","display_name":"Pan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5206-4749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Internet of Things in Agriculture China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China","China-EU Center for Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China","College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China","National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 121, 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5206-4749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Internet of Things in Agriculture China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China-EU Center for Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 121, 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357748","display_name":"Tao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3941-1603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3941-1603","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090377661","display_name":"Wei Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0860-121X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340740451","display_name":"National Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01ny6q882","country_code":"IN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340740451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN","IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agricultural Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","College of Resources and Environmental Sciences","National Academy of Agricultural Green Development"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0860-121X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agricultural Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environmental Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Academy of Agricultural Green Development","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340740451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100375959"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987","https://openalex.org/I4210156423","https://openalex.org/I52158045"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":0.8049,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64987406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"16","first_page":"2578","last_page":"2578"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5557215809822083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.5332180261611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.37128621339797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3691555857658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3575173616409302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.34090226888656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18182092905044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.15387865900993347}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5557215809822083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.5332180261611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.37128621339797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3691555857658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3575173616409302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.34090226888656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18182092905044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.15387865900993347}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12162578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162578","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2578/pdf?version=1597141380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11139520160002346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2d3c8647b24a48aebd672fb3bb43df08","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2d3c8647b24a48aebd672fb3bb43df08","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 16, p 2578 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/16/2578/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12162578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 16; Pages: 2578","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12162578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162578","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2578/pdf?version=1597141380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2221390849","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFD0701702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335070","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335070","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bwk9n38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048474426.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048474426.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":211,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51106753","https://openalex.org/W1467891129","https://openalex.org/W1567655515","https://openalex.org/W1579434845","https://openalex.org/W1583353060","https://openalex.org/W1588399437","https://openalex.org/W1591505730","https://openalex.org/W1819046541","https://openalex.org/W1871833115","https://openalex.org/W1872907955","https://openalex.org/W1964217023","https://openalex.org/W1965696795","https://openalex.org/W1968930126","https://openalex.org/W1969423404","https://openalex.org/W1972226951","https://openalex.org/W1972392539","https://openalex.org/W1974788889","https://openalex.org/W1975329034","https://openalex.org/W1976695367","https://openalex.org/W1977709355","https://openalex.org/W1981804316","https://openalex.org/W1982378832","https://openalex.org/W1987607942","https://openalex.org/W1989078478","https://openalex.org/W1989434047","https://openalex.org/W1989712641","https://openalex.org/W1991230437","https://openalex.org/W1991602809","https://openalex.org/W1991715710","https://openalex.org/W1992611948","https://openalex.org/W1992925847","https://openalex.org/W1995749451","https://openalex.org/W1996601340","https://openalex.org/W1997692897","https://openalex.org/W1999606853","https://openalex.org/W1999712624","https://openalex.org/W2000102737","https://openalex.org/W2000518020","https://openalex.org/W2000911998","https://openalex.org/W2000976912","https://openalex.org/W2001082716","https://openalex.org/W2003096372","https://openalex.org/W2003835955","https://openalex.org/W2005683224","https://openalex.org/W2007807583","https://openalex.org/W2011411859","https://openalex.org/W2012686349","https://openalex.org/W2021984916","https://openalex.org/W2022631288","https://openalex.org/W2024422145","https://openalex.org/W2026104389","https://openalex.org/W2027450287","https://openalex.org/W2029955251","https://openalex.org/W2030284931","https://openalex.org/W2036003376","https://openalex.org/W2036798077","https://openalex.org/W2038782607","https://openalex.org/W2041283885","https://openalex.org/W2041550093","https://openalex.org/W2046292468","https://openalex.org/W2046404820","https://openalex.org/W2051965762","https://openalex.org/W2052173685","https://openalex.org/W2052839604","https://openalex.org/W2056399297","https://openalex.org/W2059529002","https://openalex.org/W2061753905","https://openalex.org/W2061783446","https://openalex.org/W2062480619","https://openalex.org/W2062567499","https://openalex.org/W2063907334","https://openalex.org/W2064616093","https://openalex.org/W2066834920","https://openalex.org/W2068227628","https://openalex.org/W2070047344","https://openalex.org/W2070438179","https://openalex.org/W2070564279","https://openalex.org/W2072254696","https://openalex.org/W2076532457","https://openalex.org/W2078356599","https://openalex.org/W2079290970","https://openalex.org/W2079842406","https://openalex.org/W2083933056","https://openalex.org/W2083955053","https://openalex.org/W2084236720","https://openalex.org/W2084325791","https://openalex.org/W2086314176","https://openalex.org/W2086394094","https://openalex.org/W2087486404","https://openalex.org/W2088534421","https://openalex.org/W2089464686","https://openalex.org/W2091740668","https://openalex.org/W2092677401","https://openalex.org/W2094348215","https://openalex.org/W2094924227","https://openalex.org/W2097018019","https://openalex.org/W2099273528","https://openalex.org/W2100760318","https://openalex.org/W2106939267","https://openalex.org/W2107867758","https://openalex.org/W2107905252","https://openalex.org/W2109006150","https://openalex.org/W2110565288","https://openalex.org/W2111443246","https://openalex.org/W2111947859","https://openalex.org/W2117333625","https://openalex.org/W2118703810","https://openalex.org/W2118731492","https://openalex.org/W2119147785","https://openalex.org/W2120713329","https://openalex.org/W2123603926","https://openalex.org/W2123673090","https://openalex.org/W2138696814","https://openalex.org/W2141509868","https://openalex.org/W2141895509","https://openalex.org/W2144023308","https://openalex.org/W2145539952","https://openalex.org/W2150708639","https://openalex.org/W2155749122","https://openalex.org/W2158755893","https://openalex.org/W2161815745","https://openalex.org/W2163410149","https://openalex.org/W2164872589","https://openalex.org/W2167556755","https://openalex.org/W2167825747","https://openalex.org/W2176972851","https://openalex.org/W2183170310","https://openalex.org/W2188397402","https://openalex.org/W2227525679","https://openalex.org/W2323959957","https://openalex.org/W2368051862","https://openalex.org/W2386322743","https://openalex.org/W2416492311","https://openalex.org/W2460998487","https://openalex.org/W2468226452","https://openalex.org/W2492460198","https://openalex.org/W2495312616","https://openalex.org/W2500826400","https://openalex.org/W2511427721","https://openalex.org/W2524580065","https://openalex.org/W2537225726","https://openalex.org/W2538537201","https://openalex.org/W2548939460","https://openalex.org/W2561091550","https://openalex.org/W2575449234","https://openalex.org/W2591729793","https://openalex.org/W2594372785","https://openalex.org/W2609618763","https://openalex.org/W2609903303","https://openalex.org/W2613478999","https://openalex.org/W2625198283","https://openalex.org/W2658395718","https://openalex.org/W2728224506","https://openalex.org/W2741850261","https://openalex.org/W2745607638","https://openalex.org/W2747214115","https://openalex.org/W2767816449","https://openalex.org/W2772101526","https://openalex.org/W2781876511","https://openalex.org/W2782677653","https://openalex.org/W2792113625","https://openalex.org/W2792216026","https://openalex.org/W2792432979","https://openalex.org/W2792781859","https://openalex.org/W2793232876","https://openalex.org/W2802113727","https://openalex.org/W2804413060","https://openalex.org/W2805142011","https://openalex.org/W2807715987","https://openalex.org/W2808245662","https://openalex.org/W2808574276","https://openalex.org/W2810533430","https://openalex.org/W2810942109","https://openalex.org/W2837916766","https://openalex.org/W2885002949","https://openalex.org/W2887049581","https://openalex.org/W2888085531","https://openalex.org/W2889937665","https://openalex.org/W2896851400","https://openalex.org/W2896982871","https://openalex.org/W2904950031","https://openalex.org/W2913858069","https://openalex.org/W2914364129","https://openalex.org/W2914498877","https://openalex.org/W2916882459","https://openalex.org/W2937578908","https://openalex.org/W2947361958","https://openalex.org/W2966301044","https://openalex.org/W2983376237","https://openalex.org/W2985180429","https://openalex.org/W2988471827","https://openalex.org/W3015813950","https://openalex.org/W3098421274","https://openalex.org/W6634649191","https://openalex.org/W6634894131","https://openalex.org/W6645854273","https://openalex.org/W6647991839","https://openalex.org/W6648008234","https://openalex.org/W6648632372","https://openalex.org/W6649349413","https://openalex.org/W6652466070","https://openalex.org/W6655838938","https://openalex.org/W6673599253","https://openalex.org/W6678302524","https://openalex.org/W6682507175","https://openalex.org/W6684206475","https://openalex.org/W6685970997","https://openalex.org/W6687108436","https://openalex.org/W6708175535","https://openalex.org/W6737280190","https://openalex.org/W7046779995"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3188962172","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W4312825515","https://openalex.org/W4306742369","https://openalex.org/W4303457083","https://openalex.org/W2131146434","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W4376623224","https://openalex.org/W3136979370","https://openalex.org/W4387849428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"development":[1],"of":[2,24,45,54,68,78,99,102],"non-destructive":[3,46],"optical":[4,47],"techniques,":[5],"such":[6],"as":[7],"spectroscopy":[8],"and":[9,21,31,38,56,60,70,89,97],"machine":[10,71],"vision":[11,72],"technologies,":[12,104],"have":[13,33],"laid":[14],"a":[15],"good":[16],"foundation":[17],"for":[18,49,108],"real-time":[19],"monitoring":[20,50],"precise":[22],"management":[23],"crop":[25,79],"N":[26,52,80],"status.":[27],"However,":[28],"their":[29,58],"advantages":[30,59],"disadvantages":[32],"not":[34],"been":[35],"systematically":[36],"summarized":[37,57],"evaluated.":[39],"Here,":[40],"we":[41,93],"reviewed":[42],"the":[43,51,66,75,95,100,113],"state-of-the-art":[44],"methods":[48],"status":[53,81],"crops,":[55],"disadvantages.":[61],"We":[62],"mainly":[63],"focused":[64],"on":[65],"contribution":[67],"spectral":[69],"technology":[73],"to":[74,111],"accurate":[76],"diagnosis":[77],"from":[82],"three":[83],"aspects:":[84],"system":[85],"selection,":[86],"data":[87],"processing,":[88],"estimation":[90],"methods.":[91],"Finally,":[92],"discussed":[94],"opportunities":[96],"challenges":[98],"application":[101],"these":[103],"followed":[105],"by":[106],"recommendations":[107],"future":[109],"work":[110],"address":[112],"challenges.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2020-08-18T00:00:00"}
