{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048963951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162560","title":"Extended Geometry and Probability Model for GNSS+ Constellation Performance Evaluation","display_name":"Extended Geometry and Probability Model for GNSS+ Constellation Performance Evaluation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048963951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162560","mag":"3048963951"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12162560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162560","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2560/pdf?version=1596965994","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2560/pdf?version=1596965994","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103159597","display_name":"Lingdong Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1118-328X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingdong Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032119749","display_name":"Jiexian Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiexian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073012010","display_name":"Junping Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-7677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques, Shanghai 200030, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-7677","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100372366","display_name":"Bin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5038-6920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064837504","display_name":"Yize Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9117-8087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48840829","display_name":"Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048nxq511","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48840829"]}],"countries":["CN","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yize Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Maritime Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 1358533, Japan","Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9117-8087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maritime Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 1358533, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48840829"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073012010"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.7816,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9597731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"16","first_page":"2560","last_page":"2560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilution-of-precision","display_name":"Dilution of precision","score":0.8261858224868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.672042965888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medium-earth-orbit","display_name":"Medium Earth orbit","score":0.6460893154144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.60638827085495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geosynchronous-orbit","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","score":0.5851770639419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5608690977096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-constellation","display_name":"Satellite constellation","score":0.5591000914573669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geostationary-orbit","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","score":0.5413185954093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.5350856184959412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.5295599102973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith","display_name":"Zenith","score":0.5042625665664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.461848646402359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.44550102949142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","score":0.4429464042186737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2691516876220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21480560302734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.21034178137779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1077432930469513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.10169044137001038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06406623125076294}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200499919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616896","display_name":"Dilution of precision","level":4,"score":0.8261858224868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.672042965888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199301463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218414","display_name":"Medium Earth orbit","level":4,"score":0.6460893154144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.60638827085495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94042562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472251","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","level":3,"score":0.5851770639419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5608690977096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779784338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967145","display_name":"Satellite constellation","level":3,"score":0.5591000914573669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16405173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192316","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","level":3,"score":0.5413185954093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.5350856184959412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.5295599102973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.5042625665664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.461848646402359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.44550102949142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4429464042186737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2691516876220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21480560302734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.21034178137779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1077432930469513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.10169044137001038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06406623125076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12162560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162560","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2560/pdf?version=1596965994","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4e46a95392254541bc6e9fb12255d3b5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4e46a95392254541bc6e9fb12255d3b5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 16, p 2560 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/16/2560/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12162560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12162560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162560","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2560/pdf?version=1596965994","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2562158013","display_name":"\u536b\u661f\u5bfc\u822a\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u7a7a\u57fa\u51c6\u7cbe\u5316\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"11673050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3238738533","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018B030325001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G377015191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0504300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7194158963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0504300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7296777945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZJ2018-ZD-009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048963951.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048963951.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90689849","https://openalex.org/W1979322175","https://openalex.org/W1981278084","https://openalex.org/W1991658886","https://openalex.org/W1995476355","https://openalex.org/W2027966006","https://openalex.org/W2034959342","https://openalex.org/W2036736914","https://openalex.org/W2037389962","https://openalex.org/W2058430347","https://openalex.org/W2101945089","https://openalex.org/W2265774878","https://openalex.org/W2290248783","https://openalex.org/W2751310795","https://openalex.org/W2769790926","https://openalex.org/W2789448523","https://openalex.org/W2797286077","https://openalex.org/W2884895858","https://openalex.org/W2885609546","https://openalex.org/W2892301584","https://openalex.org/W2911431486","https://openalex.org/W2923731567","https://openalex.org/W2927098431","https://openalex.org/W2948408086","https://openalex.org/W2966433169","https://openalex.org/W2969764800","https://openalex.org/W2972794349","https://openalex.org/W2989696903","https://openalex.org/W2990572329","https://openalex.org/W3007460776","https://openalex.org/W4242108514","https://openalex.org/W6603628254"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028431039","https://openalex.org/W1034207367","https://openalex.org/W2065350823","https://openalex.org/W4385385640","https://openalex.org/W2900830186","https://openalex.org/W2463987300","https://openalex.org/W2981206176","https://openalex.org/W2979651660","https://openalex.org/W1630713849","https://openalex.org/W2368873357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"proposed":[1],"an":[2,84],"extended":[3],"geometry":[4,97,164],"and":[5,30,39,125,246,253],"probability":[6],"model":[7,54],"(EGAPM)":[8],"to":[9,94,263],"analyze":[10,134],"the":[11,66,74,92,96,101,135,152,168,178,185,191,212,215,231,254,264],"performance":[12,137],"of":[13,16,27,32,60,76,100,139,190,214],"various":[14],"kinds":[15],"(Global":[17],"Navigation":[18],"Satellite":[19],"System)":[20],"GNSS+":[21,103],"constellation":[22,141,163,218],"design":[23],"scenarios":[24],"in":[25,151,167,177],"terms":[26],"satellite":[28,50,62,72,78,182,202,255],"visibility":[29,79,203,256],"dilution":[31],"precision":[33],"(DOP)":[34],"et":[35],"al.":[36],"on":[37,89],"global":[38],"regional":[40],"scales.":[41],"Different":[42],"from":[43,70],"conventional":[44],"methods,":[45],"requiring":[46],"real":[47],"or":[48],"simulated":[49],"ephemerides,":[51,73],"this":[52],"new":[53],"only":[55],"uses":[56],"some":[57],"basic":[58],"parameters":[59],"one":[61],"constellation.":[63,269],"Verified":[64],"by":[65,199,207,250,260],"reference":[67],"values":[68],"derived":[69],"precise":[71],"accuracy":[75,85],"visible":[77],"estimation":[80],"using":[81],"EGAPM":[82,93],"gets":[83],"better":[86,150],"than":[87,155],"0.11":[88],"average.":[90],"Applying":[91],"evaluate":[95],"distribution":[98,165],"quality":[99,166],"hybrid":[102],"constellation,":[104],"where":[105],"highly":[106],"eccentric":[107],"orbits":[108],"(HEO),":[109],"quasi-zenith":[110],"orbit":[111,115,119,123,129],"(QZO),":[112],"inclined":[113],"geosynchronous":[114],"(IGSO),":[116],"geostationary":[117],"earth":[118,122,128],"(GEO),":[120],"medium":[121],"(MEO),":[124],"also":[126],"low":[127],"(LEO)":[130],"satellites":[131,147,159,175],"included,":[132],"we":[133],"overall":[136,232],"quantities":[138],"different":[140],"configurations.":[142],"Results":[143],"show":[144],"that":[145],"QZO":[146],"perform":[148],"slightly":[149],"Northern":[153],"Hemisphere":[154],"IGSO":[156],"satellites.":[157],"HEO":[158,174],"can":[160,196,204,219,257],"significantly":[161,220],"improve":[162,221],"high":[169],"latitude":[170],"regions.":[171],"With":[172],"5":[173],"included":[176],"third-generation":[179],"BeiDou":[180],"navigation":[181],"system":[183],"(BDS-3),":[184],"average":[186],"VDOP":[187],"(vertical":[188],"DOP)":[189],"30\u00b0":[192],"N\u201390\u00b0":[193],"N":[194],"region":[195],"be":[197,205,258],"decreased":[198,249],"16.65%,":[200],"meanwhile":[201],"increased":[206,259],"38.76%.":[208],"What":[209],"is":[210],"more,":[211],"inclusion":[213],"polar":[216],"LEO":[217,229],"GNSS":[222],"service":[223],"performance.":[224],"When":[225],"including":[226],"with":[227],"288":[228],"satellites,":[230],"DOPs":[233],"(GDOP":[234],"(geometric":[235],"DOP),":[236,239,242,245],"HDOP":[237],"(horizontal":[238],"PDOP":[240],"(position":[241],"TDOP":[243],"(time":[244],"VDOP)":[247],"are":[248],"about":[251],"40%,":[252],"183.99%":[261],"relative":[262],"Global":[265],"Positioning":[266],"System":[267],"(GPS)":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}